Conflicts of Empire

Seven Years War In 1757 France and Britain were fighting the Seven Years War in Europe They also fought in North America it was called the French and Indian War The Treaty of Paris in 1763 marked the end of the end of the Seven Years War Under the Treaty France gave up or, ceded, Canada and its land east of the Mississippi River Spain ceded Florida After the Treaty of Paris, the main powers on the North American continent was Spain and Great Britain Why did the Seven Years War spill into North America?

Marques de Rubi Spain decided to inspect its northern borderlands including Texas Spanish America’s northern borderlands were threatened in the 1760s because they did not have the people, power, or wealth to hold its lands there. In 1766, Marques de Rubi was sent to inspect the region’s presidios After two years he returned to Mexico City and issued a report on the conditions in Texas. Most presidios needed to be repaired Troops lacked proper supplies and weapons Spanish attempts to befriend the Apache had failed Spain did not have the power, wealth, and people necessary to hold this huge area

Rubi Report Rubi suggested……… Spain should abandon all missions and presidios execpt those at La Bahia and San Antonio Spanish that the capital of Texas should be San Antonio Spanish population in East Texas should be moved to San Antonio Spain should befriend the Comanche and use their help in fighting the Apache Why did Rubi recommend withdrawing so much From Texas?

Changes in Texas Policies The government approved Rubi’s recommendations In 1773, officials of New Spain ordered the withdrawal of their people in East Texas to San Antonio But once in San Antonio the newcomers were unhappy because of lack of farmland So in In 1779, Ybarbo and his settlers founded Nacogdoches, near the friendly Tejas Indians The town became a gateway for people and goods entering Texas from Louisiana Why did the East Texas settlers have such a hard time finding good farm land in San Antonio?

Policies on Indians Spain tried to become more friendly with the Indians by trading with them and giving gifts In 1785, Spanish officials signed a peace treaty with the Comanche

Growing U.S. Threat In 1783 the United States won its independence and they became a republic Many American settlers pushed into Spanish territory Spain allowed some Americans to move to Texas in order to boost its population there Spain watched anxiously Why did some Spanish officials see the United States as a threat to Spain’s colonies?

Louisiana Purchase In 1800 France forced Spain to return Louisiana When Spain turned over the territory, France quickly sold it to the United States France was in desperate need of money France sold the Louisiana territory to the United states for 15 million dollars in 1803 It doubled the size of the United States Why was the Louisiana-Purchase important to the United States?

Border Disputes with Texas Spain was alarmed at the Louisiana Purchase Now the United States bordered New Spain Some U.S. officials believed its western boundary was the Rio Grande and Spanish officials strongly disagreed Spain began massing troops in East Texas In 1806, Spain and the United States agreed to make the disputed territory Neutral Ground

Adams-Onis Treaty In 1819, Spain and the United States signed the Adams-Onis Treaty It set the boundary between the two territories The United States gave up all claims to Texas and gained Florida Spain gave up their claim to Florida and gained Texas Do you think conflict will continue between New Spain and the United States? Why?

Philip Nolan Expedition He was a citizen of the United States He first came to Texas as a mustang trader but soon the Spanish grew suspicious of his activities When Nolan came to Texas with some 20 men he was arrested and later killed by the Spanish Spain’s fears towards the U.S. increased. They feared these military adventurers called filibusters Most wanted to free Texas or all of Mexico from Spain Why did Spanish officials grow suspicious of Philip Nolan?

Grito de Dolores In 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang a church bell to end Spanish rule Father Hidalgo helped to start the Mexican revolution with his Grito de Dolores or “Cry for Dolores” Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla made the statement above to convince people that — Mexico should be independent from Spanish rule. He led an army of more then 50,000 as they marched across Mexico Hidalgo was soon captured and executed

Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Jose Bernardo Gutierrez went to the U.S. to raise money for a rebellion against the Spanish He then decided it was time to attack Texas With secret support from the U.S. he raised an army called the Republican Army of the North.

The Military Campaign In 1812 they had invaded Texas and had quickly taken Nacogdoches. After initial successes at Nacogdoches and La Bahia, Gutiérrez and Magee attacked and defeated the Spanish force at San Antonio. Some of the Spanish officials were brutally executed which upset the volunteers Soon Gutierrez was forced out of command was was replaced, which weakened the army Failed in part because sharp disagreements among volunteers weakened the Republican Army. Many pirates and rebels made their base on the Texas coast at Galveston Island

Long Expeditions Dr. James Long was angry over the Adams- Onis Treat because he thought that Texas should be independent or part of the U.S. In 1819 he lead a force into Texas and captured Nachaodoches and declared Texas Independent When his force was ran out of Texas when the Spanish arrived After years of fighting he was forced to surrender and he was shot while waiting to go on trial His death ended the filibuster movement in Texas

Mexico Wins Independence While people were trying to free Texas, others had continued to fight for Mexico’s independence In 1821 they were able to defeat the Spanish and in 1822 Mexico was declared a republic

Effect on Texas May Tejanos had fled or been killed Relations with the Texas Indians had worsened The economy was in ruins The missions began to be secularized or moved from religious to civil control