2016 Roanoke County Public Schools YRBS David Sallee Radford University Kerry Redican Virginia Tech Prevention Council of Roanoke County Annual Retreat June 14, 2016

What does the YRBS measure? Demographics Personal Safety Violence Related Behaviors (Family, Gang) Substance Use (including CORE Measures) Depression/Suicide Ideation Sexual Behavior Body Image Exercise Bullying Behaviors Technology Use Family and Community Factors Kerry outlines the nature and composition of the survey. Survey developed by the Prevention Council.

New Questions Some examples of new questions developed by the team are as follows: 9.9% of high school students reported past 30 day use of driving a vehicle 1 or more times under the influence of marijuana Discounting questions that demonstrate preference of immediate or delayed gratification. 30 day use of e-cigarettes as well as vape pens, hookah 5% of middle school students and 18.7% of high school students. Most common method of consuming marijuana: 91% of high school students reported smoking. Use of an electronic vapor product to smoke marijuana: 4.4% of middle school students and 17.7% of high school. 16.3% of middle school students and 60.9% of high school students report it would be fairly easy or very easy to get marijuana if they wanted some. So, what did we find out in 2012? Alcohol….many say we can’t change behavior in youth, but that is just not so. We continue to see a decrease in alcohol use in our youth in five crucial categories: 1. Having ever tried alcohol, 2. use in the past 30 days, 3. age of first use 4. binge drinking and 5. alcohol and driving safety. I will show you graphs of this trend. Marijuana 30-day use has increased in middle school, and decreased in high school by 3 percent (23-20) However, we have a new question about a new player in town and that is synthetic marijuana, often called K-2 or Spice. We see nearly ½ the number who have every tried marijuana saying they have tried K-2 or Spice. 35-20 Prescription drugs are a new core measure. 30-day use at the high school level is nearly 10%. We will talk about a program in place to help make this substance harder to obtain. We are seeing marginal decreases in self-reported symptoms of depression for both middle and high. However, this continues to be a concern, not only for Roanoke Co students, but also for their national counterparts. We have asked technology-related questions since 2008. 90.5% of high school and 70.9% (4 years ago that was 47%) percent of our middle schoolers have a web presence like Facebook, Twitter, etc. Bullying behavior, sexually inappropriate picture sending, doing things online that “would make your parents nervous” is concerning, even though 89.5% feel informed about the subject of internet safety. 47% of our high school students who drive text and drive. Bullying is still among us…there are students who feel unsafe or concerned about going to school because of this issue. New question: Do you get impatient immediately when things do not go your way? How do we know teach our kids to delay gratification and is it impt? Dr. Nora Volker, head of National Institute of Drug Abuse tells us that in all her research, this point stands out. The most successful people are will to wait, to work for what they want .

Protective Factors 51.8% high school and 63.7% middle school students acknowledged school personnel lets me or my parents know when I do something well. 83% high school and 82.7% have one or more adults, other than parents, who encourage/listen to me. 90.4% high school and 91.7% middle school students think there are many chances to get involved in school activities outside of class. 61.4% high school and 41.5% middle school students report volunteering in their community. 87.3% high school and 93.7% middle school students report that at least one of their parents knows where they are and who they are with when they are not at home. 81.2 % of high school and 87.6% middle school students report that they have eaten a meal together with their family in the past 7 days.

Trends Lets look at some trends in key subject areas from the past 10 years of data collection.

Alcohol The great majority of Roanoke County Students report that they did not consumer alcohol in the past 30 days. 69.0 % of high school students 93.3 % of middle school students

HIGH SCHOOL Alcohol Use Trends 2002-2016 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 % Change from 06 Ever used alcohol 65.6% 64.0% 62.0% 58.8% 59.3% 55.1% -10.5 One drink or more last 30 days 39.2% 36.7% 36.3% 32.2% 32.9% 31.0% -8.2 Peer disapproval of alcohol use New 45.8% 49.3% +3.5 Drove while drinking 10.5% 10.9% 8.7% 7.8% 5.3% -5.2 5 drinks in a row last 30 days 25.4% 24.0% 23.1% 19.9% 19.0% 16.8% -8.6 Think risk of harm for drinking 1 or 2 drinks a day is great /moderate 66.8% 68.6% 68.1% 64.4% 67.9% 71.8% +5.0 Let’s look at student alcohol use trends. We know that alcohol is the “drug of choice” as they say in intervention language. Alcohol is used up to twice as often as marijuana, the next most used substance. Therefore, we have targeted this use through school and community programs, educating both student and parents and asking the community to help. These columns represent high school answer from 2002-2012. Outcomes here are significant. 14.5% down in “ever using alcohol” 13.4% decrease in drinking in the last 30 days. 10.0% decrease in having a first drink before 13 years of age 4.9% decrease in drinking and driving 7.9% decrease in 5 drinks in a row (binge drinking)

MIDDLE SCHOOL Alcohol Use Trends 2006-2016 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 % Change from 06 Ever used alcohol 33.1% 24.8% 23.7% 23.2% 18.7% 15.7% -17.4 One drink or more last 30 days 11.1% 6.1% 11.0% 10.1% 7.4% 6.7% -4.4 Peer disapproval of alcohol use New question> 79.4% 81.1% +1.7 Think risk of harm for drinking 1 or 2 drinks a day is great/moderate 78.4% 77.4% 79.2% 76.9% 77.5% +2.7 Likewise in middle school, we had decreases 9.9% decrease in ever used alcohol 4.7% decrease in first drink before 13 years of age

Marijuana The great majority of Roanoke County students report that they did not consume marijuana in the past 30 days. 81.6 % of high school students 95.7 % of middle school students

HIGH SCHOOL Marijuana Use Trends 2006-2016 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 % Change from 06 Ever used marijuana 33.3% 33.9% 35.8% 35.6% 33.0% 31.5% -1.8 Used marijuana 30 days 18.3% 19% 23.3% 21.8% 20.4% 18.4% +.1 Peer disapproval of marijuana use New question 53.3% 51.6% +1.7 Think risk of harm for using marijuana regularly is great/moderate 77.8% 74.7% 66.7% 64. 5% 60.6% 58.7% +20.2 Use of synthetic marijuana 21% 15% 8.9% -12.1 Now let’s go to marijuana. In high school we saw decreasing use from 2002-2006, but stabilized since the last survey….2% down. 1.5% decrease in 30 day use And a 13.3% decrease since 2006 in thinking that smoking marijuana poses a risk. Our data analysts say this lessening fear is a harbinger of more use.

Middle Schools Marijuana Use Trends 2006-2016 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 % Change from 06 Ever used marijuana 15.8 9.9 9.7% 10.8% 8.7% 6.9% -8.9 Used marijuana once or more in last 30 days 9.5% 5.2% 6.8% 7.4% 5.1% 4.3% -5.2 Peer disapproval of marijuana use New Question 85.5% 86.6% +1.1 Think risk of harm for using marijuana regularly is great/moderate 90.8% 91.7% 87.6% 84.9% 83.8% 86.7% -4.1 Synthetic marijuana use 5.7% 3.6% 2.0% -3.7 In middle school, the marijuana trend is slightly up over the past 2 years, and the risk of harm has decreased.

HIGH SCHOOL Drug Use Trends 2006-2016 Reported Lifetime Use 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 % Change from 06 Huffing 14.6% 14.8% 16.1% 11.8% 12.3% 11.9% -2.7 Cocaine 9.9% 10.0% 11.1% 9.4% 7.8% -2.1 Meth 7.9% 7.3% 8.4% 7.0% 7.2% 5.8% Ecstasy 8.7% 10.7% 10.4% - Over the counter 13.4% 15.1% 15.2% 14.9% +1.7 Heroin 5.4% 6.7% 7.1% 6.4% 5.3% -.1

MIDDLE SCHOOL Drug Use Trends 2006-2016 Reported Lifetime Use 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 % Change from 06 Huffing 19.4% 14.6% 12.5% 12.3% 8.2% 6.6% -12.8 Cocaine 3.0% 2.3% 2.8% -.2 Meth 8.6% 3.4% 2.2% 2.5% -5.8 Ecstasy 9.8% 5.5% 3.5% 3.3% 2.6% -7.2 Over the Counter 7.5% 3.6% 4.5% 4.2% 2.9% -4.6 Heroin ?

Mental Health Trends A potential predictor of negative health choices is a students reported mental state. Lets look at some comparisons for the mental health question from the survey.

Middle School Mental Health Trends 2006-2016 Mental Health Questions 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 % Change from 06 Sad or Hopeless 31.2% 28.2% 25.7% 23.4% 23.8% 19.3% 11.9% Seriously Considered Suicide 23.6% 18.0% 17.1% 16.9% 17.4% 15.2% 8.4% Made a Plan 12.2% 7.8% 7.2% 7.9% 8.0% 6.9% 5.3% Attempted 12.9% 5.9% 6.4% 6.7% 6.2%

High School Mental Health Trends 2006-2016 Mental Health Questions 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 % Change from 06 Sad or Hopeless 28.1% 28.6% 30.3% 28.7% 30.0% 33.0% 4.9% Seriously Considered Suicide 15.2% 15.8% 16.9% 18.5% 18.7% 3.5% Made a Plan 12.0% 12.3% 13.7% 12.8% 15.4% 14.7% 2.7% Attempted 13.2% 11.1% 11.4% 11.3% 1.8% Attempted and Treated 5.1% 3.1% 3.0% 3.6% 3.2% 1.9%

Mental Health Odds Ratios High school students that reported feeling sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that they stopped doing some usual activities were: 2.9 times more likely to report huffing one or more times during their lifetime. 2.4 times more likely to report using cocaine one or more times during their lifetime. 2.4 times more likely to report using heroin one or more times during their lifetime. 2.4 times more likely to report using methamphetamine one or more times during their lifetime. 2.5 times more likely to report ecstasy one or more times during their lifetime.

Odds Ratios High school students that reported making a suicide attempt in the past 12 months were: 4.6 times more likely to report huffing one or more times during their lifetime. 6.2 times more likely to report using cocaine one or more times during their lifetime. 7.9 times more likely to report using heroin one or more times during their lifetime. 7.2 times more likely to report using methamphetamine one or more times during their lifetime. 7.1 times more likely to report ecstasy one or more times during their lifetime.

Topics to watch 28.8% high school and 19.7% middle school students receiving intimidating or threatening technology messages 16.9% high school and 6.9% middle school students sending intimidating or threatening technology messages 34.5% high school and 9.9% middle school students sent inappropriate technology messages 21.8% report texting while driving 16.0% high school and 10.6% middle school and high school students ever missed school because of fear of bullying 33.7% high school students and 22.4% middle school students find self getting impatient immediately when things don’t go their way

Questions? Thank You!