The Rise of Greek Civilization, 1100-387 B.C.E. Chapter 3 The Rise of Greek Civilization, 1100-387 B.C.E.

Learning Objectives: Questions to Consider What was the role of competition in the evolution of Greek society and politics? In what ways did the Greeks borrow from other cultures? How was the Spartan social system designed to preserve the Spartan way of life? How did Athenian democracy function? What were the consequences of the Peloponnesian War for the Greeks?

The Development of Greek Identity, 1100-776 B.C.E. The Greek Dark Ages Evidence for the Dark Ages The Oral Transmission of Myths and Legends Homer’s Illiad and Odyssey The Settlement of the Dorians Dark Age Communities Rural Villages in a Subsistence Economy Government: from Monarchy to Constitutional Rule by an Aristocracy and Archons The Rise of the Polis and Civil Loyalty Acropolis and Agora

The Development of Greek Identity, 1100-776 B.C.E. Competition and Conflict The Nature of Competitiveness The Importance of Aretē Gender Roles The Role of Women Subordination and Domesticity The Role of Men Male Homosocialization

The Development of Greek Identity, 1100-776 B.C.E. Religion and Culture Anthropomorphic Gods and Goddesses Olympian Gods Religious Practices Temples and Priests Ritual and Goodwill Oracles Shared Identity Hellenes and Barbarians Pan-Hellenic Festivals and Olympiads

The Archaic Age, 776-500 B.C.E. The Revival of Trade and Culture Expanding Commerce and Colonization The Influence of Near Eastern Culture The Evolution of Literature and Thought The Origins of Greek Literature Poetic Traditions: Homer, Hesiod, and Lyric Poetry (Sappho, Pindar) The Development of Greek Philosophy Thales, Democritus, and Pythagorus Logos and Reason

The Archaic Age, 776-500 B.C.E. The Rise of Militarism Changes in Military Recruitment Hoplite Armies The Phalanx New Forms of Government Oligarchies, Lawgivers, and Tyrants (650-550 B.C.E.) Periander (7th century B.C.E.)

Sparta and Athens The Spartan Way Government: Kings and Elders The Good Rule of Sparta Lycurgus (700 B.C.E.) Spartan Women Sparta and the Helots Conquest of the Peloponnesus Slavery The Peloponnesian League

Sparta and Athens The Evolution of Athenian Government Draco and the Law (621 B.C.E.) The Reforms of Solon (6th century B.C.E.) The Lifting of Burdens and Constitutional Reform The Athenian Tyranny Peisistratus (d. 527 B.C.E.) Athenian Democracy Cleisthenes and the Council of 500 The Operation of Democracy Thetes, Ostracism, and the Strategos

The Classical Age, 500–387 B.C.E. The Persian Wars Ionian Origins The First Persian Invasion of Greece Marathon (490 B.C.E.) Themistocles and the Athenian Navy The Second Persian Invasion of Xerxes Defeat at Thermoplyae (480 B.C.E.) Victory at Salamis (480 B.C.E.) and Plataea (479 B.C.E.)

The Classical Age, 500–387 B.C.E. The Rise and Fall of Athens The Delian League Tribute and Empire Pericles (d. 429 B.C.E.) The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.) The Decline of Greece The King’s Peace, 387 B.C.E.

The Classical Age, 500–387 B.C.E. The Golden Age of Greek Culture The Golden Age of Athens Monumental Building on the Acropolis The Parthenon Greek Drama Tragedy and Comedy Greek Playwrights and Their Themes Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes The Invention of History Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon Socrates (d. 399 B.C.E.) and Plato