THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM IN PRUSSIA AND RUSSIA CHAPTER 17 LESSON 3 NOTES: THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM IN PRUSSIA AND RUSSIA

PRUSSIA’S FREDERICK II

Junker class to build Europe’s strongest military state Lutheran, Hohenzollern king Absolute rule, by divine-right Used landowning, noble Junker class to build Europe’s strongest military state Won iron-rich region, Silesia, from Austria

in the War of the Austrian Succession, Silesia in the War of the Austrian Succession, defeating Hapsburg Catholic, Maria Theresa; led to Seven Years’ War by which Austria and France were defeated by Prussia and Britain; Prussia keeps Silesia

PRUSSIA’S FREDERICK II An enlightened despot (any monarch who attempts reforms for the good of his people): 1. granted religious freedom, except to Jews 2. freedom of the press 3. reduced torture 4. called self “the first servant of the state.”

RUSSIA’S PETER I (THE GREAT) E. Orthodox, Romanov czar Absolute, divine right rule

westernize or modernize Russia like W. Europe: built factories Major domestic goal: to westernize or modernize Russia like W. Europe: built factories edited 1st newspaper modernized army [and navy]

taxed bearded Russians & became known as the “Barber King”

(city of St. Petersburg) on the Baltic Sea built a “window on the west” (city of St. Petersburg) on the Baltic Sea

Major foreign policy goal: to extend trade by gaining lessened power of the boyars (nobility) Major foreign policy goal: to extend trade by gaining warm-water ports: warred with Sweden & the Ottoman Turks [responsible for his only son’s death; died saving the lives of drowning soldiers]

RUSSIA’S CATHERINE II (THE GREAT) age 16 here and already engaged since age 14 to… Peter III who became czar in 1762 and reigned for 6 months became empress or czarina in 1762 at age 33 dies in 1796 at age 67

Christian from the Russian Romanov dynasty; she converted to Orthodoxy German Lutheran who married an Orthodox Christian from the Russian Romanov dynasty; she converted to Orthodoxy became empress when her husband Czar Peter III died suddenly and mysteriously in a mental hospital An enlightened despot, relying on the support from the boyars (nobility) 1. she tolerated all religions including Judaism 2. she patronized the arts, lit., ed. 3. she attempted serf reform until peasants revolted against her policies

acquire warm-water ports) 1. added 200,000 sq. miles to Russian Same major foreign policy goal as Peter I (search out and acquire warm-water ports) 1. added 200,000 sq. miles to Russian territory by acquiring the Crimean Peninsula from the Turks & lands along the Baltic, Black, & Caspian Seas

Poland 3 separate times along with the Austria & Prussia, 2. she partitioned Poland 3 separate times along with the Austria & Prussia, causing Poland to disappear from a European map She ensured that Russia became official protector of all E. Orthodox Christians living in the Ottoman Empire Russia’s slices Prussia’s slices Austria’s slices