MEDIA PRESENTATION HOLLYWOOD

Basic Bakground The cinema of the United States, often generally referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The United States cinema (Hollywood) is the oldest film industry in the world which originated more than 121 years ago and also the largest film industry in terms of revenue. The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre- production, post production, film festivals, distribution; and actors, film directors and other film crew personnel. The history of film began in the 1890s, when motion picture cameras were invented and film production companies started to be established. Because of the limits of technology, films of the 1890s were under a minute long and until 1927 motion pictures were produced without sound

Evolution New film techniques were introduced in this period including the use of artificial lighting, fire effects and low-key lighting (i.e. lighting in which most of the frame is dark) for enhanced atmosphere during sinister scenes. As films grew longer, specialist writers were employed to simplify more complex stories derived from novels or plays into a form that could be contained on one reel and be easier to be understood by the audience The first rotating camera for taking panning shots was built by Robert W. Paul in 1897, on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. He used his camera to shoot the procession in one shot. His device had the camera mounted on a vertical axis that could be rotated by a worm gear driven by turning a crank handle, and Paul put it on general sale the next year. Shots taken using such a "panning" head were also referred to as 'panoramas' in the film catalogues of the first decade of the cinema

Evolution The other basic technique for trick cinematography was the double exposure of the film in the camera. This was pioneered by George Albert Smith in July 1898 in England. The set was draped in black, and after the main shot, the negative was re-exposed to the overlaid scene. His The Corsican Brothers was described in the catalogue of the Warwick Trading Company in 1900: "By extremely careful photography the ghost appears *quite transparent*. After indicating that he has been killed by a sword-thrust, and appealing for vengeance, he disappears. A 'vision' then appears showing the fatal duel in the snow.”

The Big Six WARNER BROTHERS PARAMOUNT PICTURES 20TH CENTURY FOX WALT DISNEY STUDIOS SONY PICTURES ENETERTAINMENT UNIVERSAL STUDIOS

Formation Of The bIg Six Universal pictures: Universal Pictures (also referred to as Universal Studios or simply Universal) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal.[2] The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour. Sony pictures entertainment:Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (known simply as Sony Pictures and abbreviated as SPE) is an American entertainment company that produces, acquires and distributes filmed entertainment (theatrical motion pictures, television programs and recorded videos) through multiple platforms

Formation Of The Big Six Walt Disney: IT was found by Walter Elias Disney in 1920 Warner Bros. : The company's name originated from the four founding Warner brothers Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack Warner 20th century fox : Twentieth Century Pictures' Joseph Schenck and Darryl F. Zanuck left United Artists (UA) over a stock dispute, and began merger talks with the management of financially struggling Fox Film, under president Sidney Kent.[3] Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, helped make it happen (and later became president of the new company). Paramount pictures: Paramount Pictures Corporation (also known simply as Paramount) is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world,[2] the second oldest in the United States.

Famous Movies Of The Big Six UNIVERSAL PICTURES: . Jurrasic Park . The Fast and The Furious 20TH CENTURY FOX: . Night at the Museum . Star Wars . Deadpool Warner Bros . The Matrix . Harry Potter . Batman vs Superman . The Sucide Squad

Famous Movies Of The Big Six: PARAMOUNT PICTURES: . Titanic . Transformers . Indiana Jones WALT DISNEY: . Lion King . Frozen . Aladin SONY PICTURES ENTERTAINMENT: . Skyfall . Spider Man . The Da Vinci Code

MARKETING Although the movie industry takes in billions of dollars a year, very few Hollywood movies actually make a profit. That's because it costs a tremendous amount to make a major studio movie. The average production budget of a major studio movie reached $70.8 million in 2007. But to sell that movie to the public, studios spent another $35.9 on marketing for a total budget of $106.6 million per picture [source: Friedman]. Hollywood relies on a few runaway hits each season to make up for the majority of films that fail to break even. The uncertainty of the movie business makes the job of the movie marketer even more important. Whether a movie is Oscar worthy or downright lousy, the movie marketer has to figure out a way to fill those seats at the multiplex. Keep reading to learn the basics of movie marketing, some proven techniques and why it's such a challenging job

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