1. Ownership and Operating Models in Film. By Chantelle Carman
Unit 1 – Activity 2
Ownership and Operating Models in Film.
By Chantelle Carman

2. Independent Film Companies
An Independent Film Company is one that is not owned by a conglomerate.
Just a few examples of famous Independent Film Companies are: Warner Bros, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney Pictures, Lionsgate, Summit Entertainment, Universal, etc.
They independently produce and distribute their own projects themselves. Although, sometimes they can create products and get distribution from other companies such as Film4.

3. Public Service Models
Public Service Models create content for the general public. These type of models are funded by the public, this is done by using a license fee.
Examples of Public Service Models are channels such as Channel 4 as they have Film4, which is their own channel, or anything by the BBC, this is because they distribute different Media formats such as Television, Film and Radio.
Other examples of Public Service Models are ITV, STV, UTV, Channel 5 and S4C 

4. Private Conglomerate Structures
A Conglomerate company is one that is made up of subsidiaries.
A subsidiary is a company which is controlled by another company, they are partially or completely owned by the bigger company. It is usually referred to as the parent company or the holding company. 
An example of this type of company is The Walt Disney Company.

5. Vertical Integration
Vertical Integration means that the production company has the ownership and controls the production, distribution and exhibition of the film and they receive all of the profit.
In a Film business, this is a production company that owns their own distributer company.
An example of this is Time Warner, they have a range of things such as film production, television stations, exhibitions, and magazines.

6. Horizontal Integration
This is where a production company expands into other areas of one industry. They use its smaller companies (subsidiaries) to develop a particular area of production and cross promotes a product across different platforms/subsidiaries.
An example of this would be Time Warner, where they constantly show CNN, HBO and Time.

7. Synergy and Cross-Media Promotion
A term used to describe the cross- promotion of products, and the interaction and cooperation of two or more organizations to produce a greater product.
An example of this would be the soundtrack for films such as The Hunger Games, creating an album where they film can help promote the albums, and the album will help promote the song.

8. Different jobs within the Industry
There are many different roles in the Film Industry, here is a few:
Director – The director is responsible for overseeing the shooting and assembly of the film.
Producer – The group leader, the person in charge of it all.
Actors – They play the characters that we see on screen.
Casting Team – They are in charge of finding the people to cast as the characters.
Location Team – They find locations where the film is going to be set.
Costume/Hair & Make-Up – They are in charge of creating the characters look.
Screenwriter – This is the person who writes the film and creates the overall plot and story.
Props and Set Designer – They create the sets, and props for the film.
Camera Operator – They manage the cameras during the production of the film.
Director of Photography/Cinematographer –They direct the camerawork and they are also in charge of the lighting during production.
Editors – The editors are the people that edit the film, e.g. cut out scenes, put them together, add music etc.
Sound Operator – The team who record sound on set e.g. they need to ensure that it is not too windy to capture any sound etc.
Foley Artist – They record sounds to add to film in post-production
Legal/Financial – The people that are in charge of this have to deal with all Legal/Financial aspects

9. Production Process
Pre-Production - This is where all of the productions start, from the initial idea, to creating the storyboards, writing the script, creating characters, finding locations. Everything leading up to the shooting of your final film. Other parts of preproduction involves casting the characters and creating a shooting schedule.
Production – This is where you get the whole crew together and set up the film, such as using set and costume designers to make the scene how it should be, it needs to be so each person has an important specific job and everyone needs to communicate with each other well in order to make it work. This also includes shooting the motion picture itself.
Post-Production – Post-Production is a mixture of things, from editing, where it is cutting and sticking shots together, this editing process can take a long time to finish, but it is the most effective aspect of production to creating your final product. Another part of this is the music/sound effects, and overall, rendering the whole film.