Understanding the challenges for future smart city project management. PMI Conference 2017 Understanding the challenges for future smart city project management. Bahram R. Pishravi Senior lecturer Computing

Future urbanisation needs to be smart (Urbanisation Trends around the word ) (United Nation report 2014 for 100 years projection) Globally, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas In 1950, 30 per cent of the world’s living in urban area In 2014, 54 per cent in urban areas., In 2050, 66 per cent of the world’s population will be living in urban area The urban population of the world has grown rapidly Since 1950,population in urban area grown from 746 million to 3.9 billion in 2014. Asia, despite its lower level of urbanisation, is home to 53 per cent of the world’s urban population, {Europe (14 per cent) and Latin America and the Caribbean (13 per cent)}.

Comparing Urban population 1950- 2050 United Nation report 2014

Global Urban population

Urbanisation overloads cities infrastructures Cities are growing competitively ( needs smarter planning and smart management) Technologies to support smart implementation are available. ( Big data & BI – real time data analysis , satellite technology, sensor technology , IOT , mobile computing , solar power ,cloud computing, wireless technology [Wifi , BT,Zigbee] , etc. )

Smart Cities definition by (FG SSC) ( Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities / United Nations specialized agency ) “A smart sustainable city is an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental aspects.”

Smart City Market to Grow to $6.1 Billion by 2020 “City programs and supplier innovation are driving the growth” “The report covers 170 projects around the world. More than 80 percent of the projects are focused on issues related to energy, transportation, or government. Over 50 percent of the projects have some element focused on transportation and mobility in cities, and almost 45 percent involve some energy-related projects.” Walker, L. 2013

Which city is classified as smart ? Is built on smart model and smart infrastructure Provides affordable, quality living space for citizens Is designed to be suitable for all people . Manages resources efficiently and smartly by facilitating ICT and other integrated technologies to raise living standards and better economy for human society

Smart city projects Is a project that requires smarter project management strategies Uses ICT and other integrated technology to provide smart infrastructure Increases efficiency and provides sustainable environment for citizens It is based on layered integrated projects. It uses managed data intelligently to produce required analytical information.

Important factors for smart city projects Smart cities’ infrastructure , would have an integrated /multi-layered model Smart cities data collection and analysis services are the core of such an infrastructure. ( big data ,cloud technology, business intelligence , structured data)

New technologies provide wider opportunity for smarter project management Faster mobile devices with high memory capacity High speed internet connections and availability via mobile devices Business intelligence technology implementation (Big data, Data warehousing and datamining) Advancement of variety of sensor technologies Advancement of cloud computing services ( world wide) Advancement of wireless technology and IOT ( Wifi , Zigbee , BT …) Etc.

Smart City suggested components There are suggested smart city models driven by project initiatives Smart Management Characteristics of smart city project management needs to be highlighted ("Smart City and Data Organisation | Ceinsys," n.d.) 

Smart cities Projects ( implemented around the world) Smart energy ( Smart grid…) Smart water management Smart transportation Smart waste management smart services ( smart post system , smart deliveries , smart city services ) Smart buildings Smart government Smarter sale services ( competitive e-commerce) Smart health care Smart parking systems & more ………

Smart cities project in NZ ( Smart Grid) [Forum Report 2016] A smart grid is “an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users and equipment connected to it, in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.” At the request of the Minister of Energy and Resources, the New Zealand Smart Grid Forum has considered how New Zealand’s smart grid developments are progressing relative to those in other countries (Relative Progress of Smart Grid Development in New Zealand (2016, August 21 , P2). Similar projects have been implemented in Asian and European countries successfully

What was inferred from development ( Smart Grid in NZ) [Findings] 1) The pace of development in New Zealand reflects that the benefits are currently quite low 2) Some of the investment made in new technologies is inefficient from a national perspective 3) There should possibly be more activity than we’re seeing, particularly at the midscale level where benefits should be most substantial (Relative Progress of Smart Grid Development in New Zealand (2016, August 21 , P44). (It appears integrated infrastructures are not supported yet ! )

Smart water system in Dubuque city USA , a project implemented by IBM This context diagram indicates such a smart cities project is heavily depended on data collection and data analysis Smart Water Pilot Study Report. (2011, October 6)

IBM Smarter City Sustainability Model instantiated for the Dubuque Water Pilot Smart Water Pilot Study Report. (2011, October 6)

Smart city framework “This set of factors is also presented as a tool to support understanding of the relative success of different smart city initiatives implemented in different contexts and for different purposes” (Chourabi et al., 2012, p. 2294). * This frame work would be able to accommodate extra element in the outer layer of this onion model . Smart cities initiatives framework (Chourabi et al., 2012).

Smart cities project characteristics ( 1) Smart cities projects are holistic Projects data are integrated Projects rely on available or forecasted infrastructure Individual projects, may be implemented collaboratively as a group of project

Smart cities project characteristics ( 2) Project operations may be based on global activities (Cloud platform /data sharing and BI). Resource / infrastructure sharing may reduce integrated projects cost ( sensors technology , IOT data collections used by different projects) Holistic approach in smart city projects avoids overlapped activities Smart city projects may not preform in isolation ( dependency between projects).

Smart City – Smart project management [Put all in a diagram] Smart Collaborative projects Initiates Enables Smart City Smart Infrastructure Relies Requires Collects/ Produces Smart project management Information Communication technology Managed data

Smart cities components model and smart project management Project managers need to understand the outside layer concept to be able to manage projects of smart city components Smart Cities: Concepts, Architectures, Research Opportunities | August 2016 | Communications of the ACM," n.d

Possible project view of smart city infrastructure Cloud services ( + data analysis) Data source infrastructure Physical Infrastructure Computer Network Building Sensors IOT Energy Water Project Manager

Smart City project managers need to understand 1- There are variety of models for smart city infrastructure 2- How to Implement collaborative projects ( Globally/Interrelated) 3- The cloud based services and cloud based project management 4- The Importance of unified data management ( collection/ analysis/ structured / big data ) 5- Internet of things (IOT) and sensors technologies 6- The advanced technologies are there to facilitate efficiency 7-The concept of agility in large scale projects

References 1 Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, N., … Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 45, 2289-2297. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2012.615 Cohen, B. (2012, September 19). In What Exactly Is A Smart City. Retrieved from http://www.fastcoexist.com/1680538/what-exactly-is-a-smart-city Cohen, B. (2012, December 1). The Top 10 Smart Cities On The Planet. Retrieved May 3, 2016, from http://www.fastcoexist.com/1679127/the-top-10-smart-cities-on-the-planet Navigant Research Leaderboard Report: Smart City Suppliers. (2016). In Navigate Research. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/navigant-research- leaderboard-report-smart-city-suppliers ISO. (2015). Smart cities [Preliminary report]. Retrieved from http://www.iso.org/iso/smart_cities_report-jtc1.pdf Walker, L. (2013, October 15). Smart City Market to Grow to $6.1 Billion by 2020. In Energy manager today. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from http://www.energymanagertoday.com/smart-city-market-to-grow-to-6-1-billion-by- 2020-096143/

References 2 Navigant Research Leaderboard Report: Smart City Suppliers. (2016). In Navigate Research. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/navigant-research- leaderboard-report-smart-city-suppliers ISO. (2015). Smart cities [Preliminary report]. Retrieved from http://www.iso.org/iso/smart_cities_report-jtc1.pdf Lee, Chih-Kung. "Taiwan Perspective: Developing Smart Living Technology." International Journal of automation and smart technology (auSMT). N.p., 4 Jan. 2010. Web. 1 Aug. 2016. <http://www.ausmt.org/index.php/AUSMT/index>. Path: http://www.ausmt.org/index.php/AUSMT/article/view/74/27. Walker, L. (2013, October 15). Smart City Market to Grow to $6.1 Billion by 2020. In Energy manager today. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from http://www.energymanagertoday.com/smart-city-market-to-grow-to-6-1-billion-by- 2020-096143/ Why should I care about big data. (2014, June). In Microsoft developer Network. Retrieved May 4, 2016, from https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn749785.aspx United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352)

References 3 Smart City and Data Organisation | Ceinsys. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.adccinfocad.com/smart_city_and_data_organisation.html Smart Cities: Concepts, Architectures, Research Opportunities | August 2016 | Communications of the ACM. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2016/8/205032-smart-cities/fulltext Relative Progress of Smart Grid Development in New Zealand. (2016, August 21). In Ministry of Business innovation and employment . Retrieved August 18, 2017, from http://www.mbie.govt.nz/info-services/sectors-industries/energy/electricity-market/nz- smart-grid-forum/lectures-workshops-panel-discussions/publications Smart Water Pilot Study Report. (2011, October 6). In The city of Dubuque. Retrieved June 20, 2017, from http://www.cityofdubuque.org/1348/Smarter- Water

Questions ?