The First Gulf War Katia Pennant 6th hour

What was it? Also known as “Operation Desert Storm” Iraq invaded Kuwait led by Saddam Hussein on August 2, 1990 Kuwait was oil-rich and a major supplier for the United States Invasion of Kuwait also created a threat for Saudi Arabia, another oil- rich country If Iraq had control of both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, they would have had control 1/5 of the world’s oil supply Bush offered an ultimatum to Saddam Hussein saying Iraqi forces had to leave Kuwait by January 15, 1991 or they would attack with full multinational force Iraq didn’t surrender, Operation Desert Storm began on January 16, 1991 Ground forces entered Iraq on February 24, 1991 Iraq agreed to a ceasefire agreement on April 6, 1991

Thesis Lead In: Even though the eight year war between Iraq and Iran finally ended, they still had yet to establish a solid peace treaty. Saddam Hussein was ready to dissolve the issue and return the countries he had been occupying. However, he accused Kuwait and Saudi Arabia for illegally transferring oil amongst their boarders. He used his accusation to justify his reasoning for invading the oil-rich countries. However, that was not the case. HTS: Causation Thesis: The First Gulf War was caused by Iraq’s massive debt, invading oil-rich countries, and not withdrawing from those countries when they were told to.

What caused the first gulf war? Iraq was in major debt form their eight year war with Iran $30 billion Iraq accused Kuwait of illegally transferring oil through their boarders Really wanted take the oil to pay off their debt Also wanted to expand Iraqi power to neighboring countries Iraq then began sending troops into the country Iraq had strong weapons from when the United States provided military aid during Iraq’s war with Iran Kuwait and Saudi Arabia were America’s main source for oil Saudi Arabia and Egypt panicked and called the United States and western powers to help USSR did not block American desire for multilateral support NATO

What caused the first gulf war? (continued) United Nations ordered Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait and imposed an international ban on trade with Iraq Iraq annexed Kuwait, became a threat to Saudi Arabia Operation Desert Shield- American troops were sent to Saudi Arabia incase Iraq attacked Iraq built an army of 300,000 in Kuwait Iraq was also thought to have chemical weapons Iraq refused Bush’s negotiation Operation Desert Sabre Massive ground offensive, US forces retake Kuwait within three days

What were the effects? United States had 383 fatalities Iraq had around 100,000 fatalities Iraq did not leave Kuwait untouched Detonated multiple bombs at Kuwait’s oil wells Dumped oil into the Persian Gulf Rebellions in Iraq that were brutally suppressed by Saddam Hussein Kuwait was liberated

dbq Hussein is being compared to Hitler

Review questions Why did Iraq REALLY want to invade Kuwait? They had large debt to pay off and wanted to expand Iraqi power What was Operation Desert Shield? When the United States sent troops to Saudi Arabia incase Iraq attacked them What was one positive and negative result for Kuwait? negative: oil rigs were bombed, environmental damage positive: they were liberated

bibliography Bludge, Rev. "The Munich Analogy, Part 3: "Appeasement" & the Persian Gulf War." Daily Kos. N.p., 22 May 2008. Web. 02 May 2017. DBQ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Persian Gulf War." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 5 July 2016. Web. 02 May 2017. History.com Staff. "Persian Gulf War." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 02 May 2017. Office of the Historian. "The First Gulf War." U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, 2016. Web. 02 May 2017. UShistory.org. "Operation Desert Storm." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 2017. Web. 02 May 2017.