Nutritional/Metabolic Problems in Sheep
Young Lambs Enterotoxemia Symptoms Clostridium perfringens type C Sudden death in 7-21 day old lambs
Young Lambs....continued Prevention Booster dams in late gestation Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and weaning Orphan vaccination Maximum colostrum intake Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E deficiency
Goiter Symptoms Enlarged thyroid Poor wool coat at birth Low vigor/survival Stillbirths
Goiter.....continued Prevention New NRC increased iodine levels .8PPM Iodized salt Compensate for goitergens (kale, brassicas, etc.) New NRC increased iodine levels .8PPM further increased with cold temps
Finishing Lambs Enterotoxemia/Overeating Symptoms Best doing lambs Uncoordinated movement neurological Rapid death
Finishing Lambs...continued Prevention Vaccination - toxoid Bunk management Gradual ration changes Antibiotics Misdiagnosed-polio and Vit. E/Se deficiency, pneumonia
Urinary Calculi •Wether lambs and stud rams •Several types-phosphate, calcium, silica •Problem-concentrates are low in calcium and high in phosphorous
Urinary Calculi...continued •Prevention Water intake Salt Ammonium chloride or sulfate Add calcium to achieve 1.5:1 ratio to phosphorous Never add phosphorous to lamb rations if corn is primary energy source
White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease Symptoms Stiff rear legs and arched back Sudden death Aspiration Pneumonia Poor suckling reflex
White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease...continued Cause Deficiency of Vit. E and/or Selenium Note: Selenium is toxic but Vitamin E is not it is also cheap High grain rations reduce Vit. E activity Newborns only source of E is milk
Results - Serum E ewes Con E-G E-L E-GL Pretreatment 1.27 1.26 Pre-lambing 1.51a 1.91b Post-lambinga .93a 1.13b Mid-lactation .97a .95a 1.28b 1.37b Milk e at 3 days 10.8 15.1 a,b Row means with different superscripts differ (p<.05).
Results - Serum E lambs Con E-G E-L E-GL 3 days 1.08 1.08
Rectal Prolapse Prevention Longer tail docking Less dusty feed Prevent pneumonia Shearing Feed some long fiber Bedding, space and ventilation
Polioencephalomacia Thiamine deficiency Prevention Maintain rumen health Gradual ration changes Feed some long fiber Sulfur intake w/ ddgs
Copper Toxicosis Breed Susceptibility Suffolk and Texel Mineral interactions-Mo & Su, along with high Zn & Ca Normal copper, low molybdenum
Copper Toxicosis...continued Prevention Sheep specific feeds No additional copper Feed some Mo CU & MO are both toxic CU:MO ratio 6-1 up to 10-1
Copper BMPS Sample feed deliveries Monitor feed delivery for appearance and texture Label sample Date, amount, what it was fed to, freeze, store six months Read mineral tag look for sodium molybdate
Sheep Mineral, Kansas GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Calcium 7% Phos. 5% Salt 45% Sulfur 1% Magnesium 1% Zinc 150 PPM short Iodine 125 PPM okay Cobalt 150 PPM okay Selenium 10 PPM super, super short Better mineral Calcium not needed with Phosphorous not needed with High salt equals lower intake levels ++ DGM:ISU:2012
T.M. SALT w/ Selenium T.M. Salt for sheep GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Salt, min 94.00% Salt, max 95.00% Zinc, min 0.60% 6000 PPM Magnesium, min 0.52% 5200 PPM Manganese, min 0.25% 2500 PPM Iron, min 0.25% 2500 PPM Iodine, min 0.025% 250 PPM (was short) Cobalt, min 0.003% 30 PPM Selenium 90 PPM .009% max. PPM = mg/kg move decimal four places DGM:ISU:2012
INGREDIENTS Salt, Vegetable Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Magnesium Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Sodium Selenite, Cobalt Carbonate, Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide, Sodium Molybdate. DGM:ISU:2012
Pregnancy Toxemia Cause - Excess fat catabolism and ketone accumulation Prevention Over conditioned ewes Increased conc. feeding LG Fetal scans Pre-lambing shearing
Pregnancy Toxemia...continued Treatment Propylene glycol Induced parturition Glucose source and CMPK therapy Severe cases usually do not recover
Grass Tetany Hypomagnesia Cause: excess potassium Lactating ewes on lush, spring pasture N fertilization increases risks
Grass Tetany...continued Magnesium oxide in mineral poor palatibility. Sudden death-confirmation by necropsy Stress induced
Milk Fever Ewes vs. Dairy Cows Cause Calcium deficiency ?? Stress induced DCAB http://www.wcds.ca/proc/1997/ch17-97.htm Also P, Mg short Vitamin D ????
MIlk Fever...continued Late gestation ewes carrying triplets Symptoms Depressed, lethargic, recumbent similar to ketosis, cold ears Treatment Calcium gluconate Rapid response
Wool Pulling Cause Inadequate dry matter intake Small particle size, effective fiber Low phosphorous intake Starvation
Wool Pulling...continued Prevention Maximum 50% concentration ration Improved feeding technique Offer some low quality, long forage Evaluate phosphorous level
Vaginal Prolapses Causes Overfeeding roughage Genetics Short docks Fat ewes
Vaginal Prolapses...continued Prevention Feed higher quality roughage in LG Restrict roughage intake esp. for ewe lambs Adequate bunk space Prevent obesity in ewes
Listeria
BMP, listeria Corn silage feed adequate amounts correctly stored and harvested Dirt Tub grinder Rotten feed-Feedlot
Summary Common sense eliminates most disorders Shepherd mistakes creates a lot of the disorders Seek advice if not sure of what you are doing