Chapter 10 SPECIAL SENSES

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. State Standard 26) Gather information concerning the sensory system. Synthesize the information surrounding the structure and function of the eye, ear, nose, and mouth. Explain the processes of vision, hearing, smell, and taste. Conduct a short research project to give details on how these systems are influenced by the nervous system or the muscular system. 27) Define key terms associated with vision disorders, ear disorders, nose disorders, and mouth disorders. Write a case study based on one of these disorders using appropriate medical terminology, describing the typical profile of a person suffering from the selected disorder. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Objectives Students will be able to… Identify the sensory organs of the nervous system Identify common disorders of the sensory organs © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. SENSORY RECEPTORS Sensory receptors are structures which are stimulated by changes in the environment They are found all over the body in the skin, connective tissue, and muscle © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. The eye 1 inch sphere Protected by the orbital socket of the skull, eyebrows, eyelids, and lashes Continuously bathed in tears from the lacrimal duct in the inner corner of the eye © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THE EYE © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THE EYE Sclera - outer layer or white of eye Cornea - center and front of sclera Choroid coat - middle of the eye Iris - colored, muscular part Pupil - circular opening in iris Lens - behind iris and pupil Retina - innermost (third) coat © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THE EYE © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. PATHWAY OF VISION © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. EYE DISORDERS Conjunctivitis Glaucoma Cataracts Detached retina Vision defects Presbyopia Hyperopia Myopia Amblyopia Astigmatism Diplopia Strabismus © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Conjunctivitis “PINK EYE” Infammation of the conjunctival membranes in front of the eye Redness pain swelling and discharge or mucous Highly contagious © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Glaucoma Excessive intraocular pressure Destroys the retina and causes the optic nerve to atrophy Gradual symptoms Aching, loss of peripheral vison, halo around lights Annually tested during eye exam Can lead to blindness © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Cataracts Lens of the eye gradually becomes cloudy Usually in people above 70 Painless gradual blurring and loss of vision Laser surgery to treat © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Detached Retina May occur with aging or an accident Tear in the retina Loss of peripheral vision proceding to loss of central vision Early detection is key Treated by lasic surgery © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Vision Defects Presbyopia- decreased ability to focus on close objects Hyperopia (farsightedness)- can not see objects up close Myopia (nearsightedness)- can not see objects far away Amblyopia- reduction or dimness of vision Astigmatism- irregular curvature of the cornea, blurred vision Diplopia- double vision Strabismus (cross-eyes)- muscles of the eyeball do not coordinate © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THE EAR © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THE EAR The outer ear (Pinna) collects sound waves and directs them into auditory canal that leads to the eardrum Glands that secrete wax (cerumen) to protect the ear © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. The middle ear Cavity in the temporal bone connects to the throat by the Eustachian tube equalizes air pressure Contains 3 tiny bones that transmit sound waves to the ear drum Hammer Anvil Stirrup © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. The inner ear Contains the cochlea fluid-filled duct vibrates with sound waves Transmits waves through the auditory nerve to the hearing center of the brain © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. EAR DISORDERS Otitis media Infection of middle ear Otosclerosis Fixed immovable bones of middle ear Tinnitus Ringing Presbycusis Deafness due to aging Meniere’s disease Vertigo (dizziness) Hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Blocked by wax, fluid Sensorineural damage Damage tothe inner ear © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Otitis Media © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THE NOSE The human nose can detect about 10,000 different smells Odor molecules that pass through the nose get warmed and moistened. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. DISORDERS OF THE NOSE Rhinitis Inflammation of the lining of the nose Causes nasal congestion, drainage, sneezing, itching Nasal polyps Growths in the nasal cavity associated with rhinitis Deviated nasal septum Bend in the cartilage dividing the sides of the nose Causes a block in airflow Can be treated surgicaly © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Nasal Cavity

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THE TONGUE The tongue is a mass of muscle tissue with structures called papillae Taste buds cover the papilla, which are stimulated by sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Group Activity Group presentation (refer to group project grading rubric) Everyone must participate to get a grade!!!! Choose 1 sensory organ (eyes, ear, nose, or mouth) Create a presentation including… Explanation of how normal vision, hearing, smell, or taste/chew/swallowing occurs and how that organ is influenced by the nervous or muscular systems Choose 1 disorders of this organ (do not choose one from the ppt.) and…. Research the disorder and create a case study detailing it. Causation Signs and symptoms How it is diagnosed Treatment Patient population most commonly impacted

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Exit Ticket Individually answer Review questions 1, 3, 6, 8, and 9 on p. 190 in the orange anatomy book. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Activity With a partner complete the Station 3 rods and Cones, color blind lab activity starting on p. 148 under nervous system lab activities Write down your findings © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.