Body Planes Directional Terms & Joint Motions Human Anatomy Body Planes Directional Terms & Joint Motions

From the Beginning Midline: An imaginary line that divides the body into symmetrical left & right halves Anatomical Position: the human body standing erect, looking forward, arms at side with palms turned forward. Used as the position of reference in designating the site or direction of structures of the body.

Body Planes Dividing the body into halves

A vertical plane that divides the body into right & left halves. Sagittal Plane A vertical plane that divides the body into right & left halves. The midsagittal plane divides the body into equal, symmetrical halves.

Transverse Plane A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior & inferior halves

Coronal Plane A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior & posterior halves. The coronal plane is also know as the frontal plane.

Body Planes

Name The Plane

Directional Terms Used to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body.

Anterior & Posterior Anterior: In front of, nearer to the front of the body Posterior: Behind, toward the rear of the body

Distal & Proximal Distal Proximal Away from the point of attachment, farther from the origin Near the point of attachment, closer to the origin

Superior & Inferior Superior: Above, over, situated more towards the head & away from the feet Inferior: Below, under, situated below & closer to the feet

Lateral & Medial Lateral: Toward the side, away from the midline Toward the midline, away from the side, middle

Superficial & Deep Superficial: Toward or on the surface of a structure; outward Deep: Away from the surface, further into the body; inward

Palmar (Volar) Plantar Relating to or involving the palm of the hand Relating to or involving the sole of the foot

Dorsal In humans: Near the upper surface or toward the back

Ventral Of or relating to the belly, abdominal. Located on, or toward the front part of the human body

Prone Supine Lying on the stomach, face down Lying on the back, face up

Which Side? Ipsilateral: on the same side of the body as another structure Contralateral: on the opposite side of the body from another structure Bilateral: pertaining to, involving, or affecting two or both sides Unilateral: relating to, or affecting one side

Joint Motions How a joint moves

Flexion & Extension Flexion: Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle Extension: movement of a limb to increase the angle of the joint

ABDuction: ADDuction: ABDuction & ADDuction A motion that pulls a structure or part  away from the midline of the body  ADDuction: A motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body

Internal Rotation & External Rotation Internal Rotation: flexed inwards towards the midline External Rotation: flexed outwards away from the midline

What motion do you see?

Horizontal ADDuction & ABDuction

Pronation and Supination forearm = palm facing down foot = a combination of abduction, eversion, & dorsiflexion. Supination: forearm =palm facing up foot = a combination of adduction, inversion, & plantarflexion

Sight Words Tubercle Foramen Fossa Articular Surface