1889 May 12 Otto Frank (Anne’s father) born in Germany April 20 Adolph Hitler born in Austria

1900 January 16 Edith Hollander (Anne’s mother) born in Germany

1914 Otto Frank serves in German Army during WWI as a lieutenant (until 1918) Adolph Hitler serves in German Army as a corporal (until 1920)

November 11 The Armistice, which ends WWI, is signed 1918 November 11 The Armistice, which ends WWI, is signed

June 23 Germany accepts the Versailles Treaty 1919 June 23 Germany accepts the Versailles Treaty

1919 September 12 Hitler joins the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (political party)

1923 January The National Socialist German Workers’ Party (The Nazi Party) holds its first rally in Munich, Germany

1925 May 12 Otto Frank and Edith Hollander are married July 18 “Mein Kampf” Hitler’s autobiography and anti-Semitic plan is published

1926 February 16 Margot Frank is born

1929 June 12 Anneliese Marie (Anne) is born

1932 July 31 The Nazi Party receives 37.3 % of the vote and is asked to form a coalition government

1933 January 30 Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany

1933 February Freedoms of speech and assembly are suspended by the Nazi government

1933 March The Gestapo, or Secret State Police, is established. Dachau, a concentration camp for political prisoners, is built.

1933 April 1 The Nazis declare a boycott of Jewish businesses as well as medical and legal practices. A law excluding non-Aryans removes Jews from government and teaching positions.

1933 May 10 Books by Jews, political enemies of the Nazi state and other ‘undesirables’ are burned in huge rallies throughout Germany

1933 Summer The Franks decide the family must move to the Netherlands as it is growing more tense in Germany. Edith, Margot and Anne join Edith’s mother. Otto Frank travels to Holland July 14 Hitler bans all political parties except for the Nazi party.

1933 September 15 Otto Frank establishes his firm “Opekta Werke” in Amsterdam

1933 October Otto Frank’s mother moves to Switzerland

1933 December Edith and Margot move to Holland

1934 February Anne joins her family in Holland. Anne attends the kindergarten of the Montessori School. January 1 Forced sterilization of the racially ‘inferior’ (primary Gypsies, African-Germans and the ‘unfit’ – the mentally disabled – begins)

1935 September The Nuremberg Laws are passed defining Jews as non-citizens and making mixed Aryan and Jewish marriage illegal

1936 March 7 Germans march into the Rhineland, violating the Versailles Treaty Summer Olympic games are held in Berlin.

1937 Summer The van Pels family flees to Holland

1938 March 12 Germany annexes Austria

1938 December 8 Fritz Pfeffer flees Germany and arrives in Holland November 9 – 10 Kristallnacht Jewish businesses and synagogues are looted and destroyed in Germany and Austria by order of the strike

1939 March Edith’s mother comes to live with the Frank family in Holland March 15 Germany occupies Czechoslovakia

1939 September 1 Hitler invades Poland and starts WWII September Hitler implements the T-4 program authorizing the killing of the institutionalized, the physically disabled, and the mentally handicapped

1940 April – May Germany invades Denmark and Norway, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg

1940 December 1 Otto Frank moves his company into number 263 Prinsengracht

1941 Summer Anne and Margot attend the Jewish School in Amsterdam July 31 Hermann Goering authorizes Reinhard Heydrich to find a ‘Final Solution’ to the Jewish Question

1941 **December 7 The Japanese attack Pearl Harbor – a US military base. The US has tried to remain uninvolved in the war, but this attack provokes the US to counter- attack, thereby going to war against the Axis Powers.

1941 December 11 Germany declares war on the US

1942 January Edith’s mother passes away January 20 Heydrich mobilizes Nazi bureaucratic support for a ‘Final Solution’

1942 February, March, April Auschwitz, Belzec and Sobibor all become fully operational death camps

1942 June 12 Anne receives a diary for her 13th birthday July 5 Margot receives a call-up notice to report for deportation to a labor camp.

1942 July 6 The Frank family goes into hiding, leaving their home forever. They move to the “Secret Annex”

1942 July 13 The van Pels family joins the Franks in hiding November 16 Fritz Pfeffer, the eighth and final resident of the Secret Annex joins the Franks and van Pels

1943 February 2 The encircled German Sixth Army surrenders to Soviet forces at Stalingrad, Russia. The tide of the war beings to turn against Germany

1943 June Order given for the complete liquidation of all Jewish ghettos in the Soviet Union and Poland

1944 August 4 The residents of the Secret Annex are betrayed and arrested. They are taken to a police station in Amsterdam June 6 D Day The Allies invade Western Europe

1944 August 8 They are all taken to the transit camp at Westerbork September 3 The eight prisoners are transported in a sealed cattle car to Auschwitz on the last transport to ever leave Westerbork

1944 September 6 Hermann van Pels is sent to a gas chamber

1944 October 6 Anne and Margot are sent to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany

1944 November 26 To hide Nazi war crimes, the demolition of the crematoria at Auschwitz begins

1944 December 20 Fritz Pfeffer dies in Neuengame

1945 January 26 Edith Frank dies at Auschwitz – Birkenau January 27 Otto Frank is liberated from Auschwitz by the Russian Army. He is taken first to Odessa and then to France before he is allowed to return to Amsterdam

1945 February or March Anne and Margot die at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp within days of each other

1945 April 30 Adolph Hitler completes suicide

1945 Spring Mrs. van Pels dies in a concentration camp in Czechoslovakia May Peter van Pels dies in Mauthause in Amsterdam May 7 Germany surrenders and the war ends in Europe

1945 June 3 Otto Frank arrives in the annex. He sees Miep and Jan Gies. He concentrates on finding the whereabouts of Anne and Margot

1945 October 24 Otto Frank receives a letter telling him that his daughters died at Bergen- Belsen

1945 November The Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals begin

1946 - 1951 4/3/46 an article mentions Anne’s diary Summer ‘47 1500 copies of Anne’s diary are published by Contact Publishers in Amsterdam 1951 The diary is translated into English

1954 - 55 ’54 The Dutch Red Cross officially declares that Anne and Margot died at Bergen-Belsen in 1945 ‘55 The play based on The Diary of Anne Frank opens on Broadway

1960 - 1980 ‘60 The Anne Frank House opens to the public 8/19/80 Otto Frank dies in Switzerland at the age of 91

1988 - 1997 ‘88 Rescuer Miep Gies writes Anne Frank Remembered ‘97 A new adaptation of The Diary of Anne Frank opens on Broadway