Chapter 8-1 Notes (History and Governments) I. The Russian Empire During the 800ADs, early _______ built a civilization around the city of Kiev. In the 1200’s, _________ conquered Kievan Rus and many Slavs fled north and created Moscow. ___________ (the Great) of Muscovy, drove out the Mongols and declared independence. In 1547, ___________ (the Terrible) declared himself czar and expanded the Russian empire. ___________ and _________ the Great expanded the empire and built the capital of St. Petersburg w/a strong European culture. Czars, landowners, and merchants lived well as oppose to the majority whom were _________. Slavs Mongols Ivan III Ivan IV Catherine Peter serfs

In 1861, Czar __________ freed the serfs and modernized Russia’s economy. In 1917, people revolted against Czar _________ and established a communist state. II. The Rise and Fall of Communism Vladimir _______ formed the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics (USSR), or Soviet Union that included 15 republics. Lenin wanted to follow _______ ideas of equality. He ended private ownership and government control of everything. Joseph ________ set up a command economy and collectivization. During WWII, _________ invaded, killing 20 to 30 million soldiers and civilians. After WWII, the U.S. and Soviet Union competed for global influence in a conflict called the _______ War (no physical combat). Alexander II Nicholas II Lenin Marx’s Stalin Germany Cold

The U. S led democracies in W The U.S led democracies in W. Europe and the Soviet Union led communism in ___________. In 1985, ___________ relaxed Soviet control of the economy and society. (glasnost and perestroika) He thought these __________ would strengthen support, but only caused doubt in communism. By 1991, all Eastern Europe’s communist governments changed to _____________. Boris __________ became the 1st president of Russia and resisted a coup to overthrow him. He worked hard to build a democracy and a market economy. Vladimir __________ after him increased government control. E. Europe Gorbachev policies democracies Yeltsin Putin

Chapter 8-2 Notes (Cultures and Lifestyles) I. Russia’s Culture Russia’s largest ethnic group are __________, or Slavs. The Tatars and Ukrainians are the 2nd largest group. Most speak __________, the country’s official language. During communism, people could not practice a _________, today the country’s religion is E. Orthodoxy Christianity. Oral tradition and __________ play major role in the Russian arts. Russia is the center of music and dance, famous for Peter Tchaikovsky's, ______________. Life in Russia A. Most of Russia’s cities are ________ of the Ural Mts. Many live in large apartment buildings. Housing is scarce and expensive. Russians Russian religion nationalism Nutcracker west

Russians play many winter sports such as __________ and gymnastics. Russians celebrate Russia’s declaration of ___________ from the Soviet Union on June the 12th . _______________ are a major way of moving goods and people throughout the vast land of Russia. The ________________ RR is the longest of its kind. It connects the capital, Moscow to Vladivostok. Russia lacks a good highway system even though ____ ownership is on the rise. They are installing new _______ lines to improve communication. hockey autonomy Railroads Trans-Siberian car phone