1. Russia and the Western Republics
Ch. 16-1

2. A History of Expansionism
The Russian state began in the region between the Baltic and Black Seas.
Today this area is made up of these countries: Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic Republics -Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

3. Orange-Varangian Trade Routes
Orange-Varangian Trade Routes Red-Volga Trade Route Purple-Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks

4. Birth of an Empire Vikings established settlement near Kiev.
Settlement expanded and flourished, adopted Slavic customs from locals

5. 1200s-Mongols invaded, halted Russian growth
Mongols controlled region until late 1400s

6. Genghis Khan

7. Extent of Mongol Empire in 13th Century

8. Ivan the Great ends Mongol rule
Russia expands again
By 1700s, empire extends to Pacific Ocean

9. Russia Lags Behind Western Europe
Science and technology inferior to European rivals
Peter the Great (czar-emperor) sought to change this
Lived 1672 – 1725, ruled from 1682 and solely from 1696

10. Action: Moved capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg
Russians called it the “window to the west”

11. Peter made impressive strides, but the empire couldn’t keep up with Western European countries
When Russia industrialized, it led to poor working conditions and low wages

12. The Rise and the Fall of the Soviet Union
WWI-( )-Russian Revolution-people’s anger exploded into a revolt that ended the rule of the czars.
Communist Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, took control of government and economy.

13. WWII-(1939-1945) Joseph Stalin leads USSR.
1922, Communist Party organizes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or USSR
WWII-( ) Joseph Stalin leads USSR.
Lenin died in 1924 of failing health related to assassination attempts and multiple strokes
Lenin lived, Lenin is alive, Lenin will live

14. Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин
WWII-USSR and US fight together against Nazi Germany. As war ends, relations are strained between the countries.
Stalin creates pro-Soviet govts in Eastern European countries

15. Soviets and Americans end World War II

16. US fears that Stalin will spread communism all over the world.
The ensuing conflict is called the Cold War
The war never grew into an open conflict

17. 1980s-Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev gave Soviet people more economic and political freedom
Leads to the fall of the Soviet Union finally in 1991.