Introduction to Living Things Diversity of Life Chapter 1

How are the Manatee and Hyrax Alike? (pg 1) Untamed Science Video: https://www.pearsonrealize.com/community/program/ba072ca0-de1d-3100-a6fb- 5b15616bb2e0/18/tier/8b3906ee-b75d-3456-9235- b0fe1295da44/18/lesson/26105988-a4ed-36fd-8634- a4908763324e/18/content/ed95d7f0-4979-3817-9890-738b487f9ab2/19

Diversity of Life Chapter 1.1 What is life? Diversity of Life Chapter 1.1

My Planet Diary (page 4) What does the kismet do that makes it seem human? It can respond to situations. It can understand information. It can make faces.

My Planet Diary (page 4) What are some things you think Kismet might not be able to do that humans can? It can’t eat. It doesn’t grow. It doesn’t get sick.

What is a living thing? Living things are also called organisms. There are 6 characteristics that most living things have

Name an example of a unicellular living thing.

Name an example of a multicellular living thing.

Characteristics of living things Cellular Organization Contain similar chemicals Use Energy Respond to their surroundings Grow and Develop Reproduce

Cellular Organization • Made up of one cell (unicellular) or many cells (multicellular) • Cells - basic unit of structure and function in living things

The Chemicals of Life Most common is water Carbohydrates - main energy source Proteins and lipids- building materials Nucleic Acids - genetic material

Use Energy Metabolism - the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials Use energy to grow and repair injured parts Get energy directly or indirectly from the Sun

Response to surroundings Stimulus - a change in an organisms surroundings that causes an organism to react Response - an action or a change in behavior

Growth and Development Growth - getting larger in size •Unicellular organism - grow in size •Multicellular organism - grow in number of cells Development - process of change that occurs during an organisms life

Reproduction -ability to produce offspring Asexual Reproduction - involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to parent Sexual Reproduction - involves two parents

A change in an organism's surroundings is a stimulus or response? Review Questions A change in an organism's surroundings is a stimulus or response? 2. A bird sitting in a tree flies away as you walk by. Which characteristic explains the bird’s behavior? STIMULUS Response to surroundings

Review Question Trees do not move like birds do, but they are living things. Why? They have all of the characteristics of life; cells, chemicals of life, use energy, respond, grown and develop, and reproduce.

What do living things NEED to survive Food Water Living Space Stable internal conditions

FOOD Autotrophs - make their own food Heterotroph - cannot make their own food

All Living things need water •Humans are made up of 70% water •Human blood is made up of 90% water •Water breaks food down, helps organism grow, moves substances within bodies, and helps organisms reproduce.

3. Living Space All living things need a place to live Surroundings must provide what it needs to survive

4. Stable Internal Conditions Homeostasis - the maintenance of stable internal conditions Example: Body Temperature

Which basic need is a fox meeting by feeding on berries? Review Questions Which basic need is a fox meeting by feeding on berries? Food

The arctic fox has thick, dense fur in the winter and much shorter fur in the summer. How does this help the fox maintain homeostasis? It helps the fox keep its internal body temperature even though the temperature of its surroundings changes.

Where do living things come from?

Spontaneous Generation Before the 17th century, some people thought that: insects and fish came from mud earthworms fell from the sky when it rained mice came from grain

Spontaneous generation Four hundred years ago, people believed in spontaneous generation Spontaneous generation - the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources

Figure 3, Page 8 Open the textbook to page 8 and let us discuss figure 3

Redi’s Experiment Helped disprove spontaneous generation Created a controlled experiment to show that maggots, which develop into new flies do not arise from decaying meat

Diagram of Redi’s Experiment

Pasteur’s Experiment Louis Pasteur’s experiment finally disproved spontaneous generation

Pasteur’s Experiment

Why did the theory of spontaneous generation change? Experiments did not support it! From the mid- 17th century through the mid- 18th century, experiments were conducted to test the theory of spontaneous generation.