ILLICIT TRAFFICKING IN SMALL ARMS & LIGHT WEAPONS & ASSOCIATED AMMUNITION IN CARICOM Presented By: Callixtus Joseph Regional Crime and Security Strategy Coordinator CARICOM IMPACS Inter American Defense College – Organization of American States Small Arms Trafficking Seminar Washington, D.C. 6th February 2012

MANAGEMENT OF CRIME AND SECURITY CARICOM FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CRIME AND SECURITY CONFERENCE OF HEADS OF GOVERNMENT LEAD HEAD OF GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBLE FOR CRIME AND SECURITY Council of Ministers Responsible for National Security and Law Enforcement Ministerial Sub – Committee On Resource Mobilisation and Implementation Security Policy Advisory Committee (SEPAC) Implementation Agency for Crime And Security (IMPACS) CIMA Standing Committee Commissioners of Police Standing Committee Chiefs of Immigration Standing Committee Military Heads Standing Committee Chiefs of Customs Standing Committee Heads of Intel & Financial Investigations

42 per cent of global homicides are actually committed by firearm UNODC, October 2011 Global Study on Homicide 42 per cent of global homicides are actually committed by firearm

Source: UNODC/World Bank; 2007 MURDER RATE BY REGIONS Source: UNODC/World Bank; 2007

Internal Displacement IMPACT OF SALW HUMAN Death Injuries Psycho Social Trauma Human Rights Abuse Internal Displacement POLICY Declining economic activity and diminished trade and investment due to level of violence. Disrupts access to health care facilities, to education, and to productive markets Firearm-related fatal and non-fatal injuries overextend health care facilities.

Consequential Effects of SALW Weapons seen as tools for conflict resolution Youth believe violence is essential Culture of impunity Violence used to gain power, obtain goods and services, and establish respect

CARICOM RESPONSE POLITICAL / DIPLOMATIC CARICOM SALW DECLARATION Technical, Diplomatic Support to SALW Legal Instruments Negotiations LEGAL INSTRUMENTS CARICOM Arrest Warrant Treaty (2007) CARICOM Airspace and Maritime Security Cooperation Agreement (2007) INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS & TREATIES UN PoA CIFTA

CARICOM RESPONSE Providing National Institutional Support CARICOM IMPACS RIFC JRCC Broadening the stakeholder base Enhance Cooperation with National, Regional and International NGOS Academia Private Security Sector Revitalization of National Point of Contact First Meeting of Ballistics Experts and Firearms Examiners in the Caribbean Region. Training; Information Sharing

INTER AGENCY COOPERATION: SALW UN-LiREC Assistance with Destruction and Stockpile Management Target Group: Seven (9) states Bahamas, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago OAS CIFTA legal Requirements Marking equipments University of West Indies Technical and Research Assistance Research Collaboration (Private Security) CDRAV / WINAD / Project Ploughshares ATT CARICOM Preparatory Meeting Technical Support Towards UN 2012 ATT Caribbean Centre for Development Administration   (CARICAD) Customs and Immigration Training

CHALLENGES IN RESPONDING TO THE ILLICIT TRADE AND PROLIFIC ILLEGAL USE OF SALW Porous land and sea borders; Inadequate patrolled coastlines Unmanned airstrips Inadequate Integration of SALW control measures into other broad programmes Harmonization of Legislation Gaps in Legislation Absence of standardization Disparities in Sentencing

CHALLENGES IN RESPONDING TO THE ILLICIT TRADE AND PROLIFIC ILLEGAL USE OF SALW Inadequately patrolled coastlines Unmanned airstrips Inadequate operational tools Point of Contacts Capacity Constraints Overburdened Limited capacity to function Serious budgetary constraints Lack of IT and data management systems Inadequate coordination and support from related agencies

CHALLENGES IN RESPONDING TO THE ILLICIT TRADE AND PROLIFIC ILLEGAL USE OF SALW External SALW Environment Laws Procurement Policies Export Regulations

THE WAY FORWARD Promotion of and compliance with international treaties and conventions Training of customs officers and other security officers Harmonization of legislation Re-socialization from a gun culture Acquisition of gun forensic and ballistic examination capabilities

PROPOSED RIBIN ZONES Bermuda CARICOM member states Associate members HUB Off map Suriname

MARITIME More than 80 % of international trade in goods is carried by sea (UNCTAD, 2011) Main industries are heavily dependent on maritime security (tourism, oil)

CARICOM IMPACS BORDER MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES An (ACIS) is one of the initiatives being pursued for implementation throughout CARICOM Member States in cooperation with airlines, shippers, importers and exporters worldwide and Customs Authorities. Empower Customs Authorities to examine in advance, documents presented for import and export cargo and determine whether any item(s) require special attention Advance Cargo Information System

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