Chemistry of LIFE
What’s the matter???
Matter is made of… Atoms e- N P+ e- P+ N Nucleus
Protons In Nucleus Charge is positive + P+ P+ P+
Neutrons N In Nucleus Charge: 0 neutral N N
Electrons e- Orbit Nucleus e- e- Charge is Negative -
Substance that consists of only one kind of atom Element Substance that consists of only one kind of atom
Isotopes are the same atom with different numbers of Neutrons Hydrogen Atoms
Then what is a Compound??
A compound is formed by the chemical combination of different atoms.
What Kinds of Chemical Bonds are there?
Ionic bonds are strong bonds in which atoms gain and loose electrons e- e- e- e- e- Electron is transferred between two neutral charged atoms e- + e- - e- e- e- e- e- Atoms of ionic compound charged
Covalent bonds are between atoms which share electrons
Water has a covalent bond with electrons shared unevenly Charge is uneven Molecule is bent
Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION. Water molecules are attracted to each other Attraction
Cohesion Pulls water molecules together Cohesion Pulls water molecules together. This is strongest at the surface. Which Means…
Uneven Charge Results in adhesion Uneven Charge Results in adhesion. Water molecules are attracted to other substances.
Adhesion and cohesion allow water to travel long distances in a narrow tube
PH: 8-14 PH: 0-6 Contain: more OH- ions Contain: more H+ ions Acids Bases PH: 8-14 Contain: more OH- ions PH: 0-6 Contain: more H+ ions
In our body Acids and Bases are Buffered Homeostasis maintains a PH of 6.5-7.5 in humans
We constantly consume and use stronger acids and bases OJ Coke You Soap Bleach
Organic Chemistry/ Carbon Chemistry Chemistry of compounds with Carbon
What Makes Carbon Special? It has 4 electrons to share in covalent bonds
C C Forms Single Bonds O Double Bonds Triple Bonds Bonds with other atoms O C C H
Carbon forms 4 important compounds in living things
Living things use Carbohydrates for energy
Polysaccharides= Starches Monosaccharide= simple sugar Polysaccharides= Starches
Lipids store energy, and make up cell membranes Fatty Acids Glycerol
Lipids store energy, and make up parts of our cell membranes WE eat lipids in…
Proteins are made of long amino acid chains Amino acids: 20 kinds and they determine shape
Proteins DO… Regulate cell processes Fight disease Control reactions Move materials Build, Bone, Muscle, ect.
We Eat Proteins in…
When we eat organic molecules our bodies use them for energy Proteins: 4 kcal per gram Lipids: 9 kcal per gram Carbohydrates: ~4 kcal per gram
Nucleic acids are important in the nucleotides of DNA and RNA
Chemical reactions Form bonds Break bonds store energy release energy
Some reactions require activation energy to begin. Often high heat
Enzymes are catalysts allowing reactions with lower activation energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKoB0MHVBvM