CHAPTER 2 SECTION 2 UNIT 1

Section 2-Main Idea Big Ideas Science and Technology New technologies reshaped American industry.

Section 2-Key Terms Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary revenue tariff protective tariff labor union Academic Vocabulary transportation

Section 2-Key Terms People and Events to Identify “Era of Good Feelings” John C. Calhoun McCulloch v. Maryland Monroe Doctrine Industrial Revolution

Section 2-Polling Question Are you aware of any recent Supreme Court decisions that have had a major effect on society? A. Yes B. No A B

Section 2 Growth of American Nationalism The surge of nationalism and the survival of only one political party made it possible to make economic and judicial decisions that strengthened the national government.

Section 2 Growth of American Nationalism (cont.) After the War of 1812, a sense of nationalism swept the United States. A Boston newspaper called this time the “Era of Good Feelings.” James Monroe became the nation’s fifth president in 1816.

Section 2 Growth of American Nationalism (cont.) After Republicans eliminated the First Bank of the United States, the results were disastrous. In 1816 Representative John C. Calhoun introduced a bill proposing the Second Bank of the Unites States. Protection of manufacturer from foreign competition was another part of the Republican program.

Section 2 Growth of American Nationalism (cont.) Congress responded to the flow of cheaper British goods with the Tariff of 1816. Unlike earlier revenue tariffs, this tariff was a protective tariff. The Republicans also wanted to improve the nation’s transportation system. Building the National Road, 1811–1838

Section 2 Growth of American Nationalism (cont.) In many cases, between 1816 and 1824, John Marshall interpreted the Constitution broadly to support federal power. Examples of cases are as follows: Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee—the Court decided it had the authority to hear all appeals of state court decisions in cases involving federal statutes and treaties.

Section 2 Growth of American Nationalism (cont.) McCulloch v. Maryland—the Court ruled that the “necessary and proper” clause allowed the federal government to use its powers in any way not specifically prohibited by the Constitution. Gibbons v. Ogden—the Court ruled that states could regulate commerce only within their borders, but that control of interstate commerce was a federal right.

Section 2 Growth of American Nationalism (cont.) Postwar nationalism also influenced foreign affairs. During the 1800s, Spanish-held Florida was a source of frustration for Southerners. Eventually, Spain gave in and ceded all of Florida to the United States in the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819.

Section 2 Growth of American Nationalism (cont.) With the threat of European countries, as well as Russia, claiming territory in the United States, Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823.

Section 2 During Monroe’s presidency, which of the following was not a focus? A. The banking system B. Transportation C. Tariffs D. The military A B C D

Section 2 A Growing Nation New industries and railroads transformed the North in the early 1800s, while slavery expanded in the South.

Section 2 A Growing Nation (cont.) With the United States expanding rapidly, Americans sought new ways to connect the distant regions of the country. New roads, steamboats, and trains were three of the ways by which this was accomplished. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the mid-1700s, spread to the United States.

Section 2 A Growing Nation (cont.) The United States industrialized quickly for several reasons: The American system of free enterprise based on private property rights The era’s low taxes General incorporation laws that made it much easier to start businesses

Section 2 A Growing Nation (cont.) Between 1815 and 1860, more than 5 million foreigners journeyed to America. Some Americans, such as the Know-Nothings, had feelings of nativism. By 1860, factory workers numbered roughly 1.3 million. Hoping to gain higher wages or shorter workdays, some workers began to organize into labor unions.

Section 2 A Growing Nation (cont.) Despite the trend toward urban and industrial growth, agriculture remained the country’s leading economic activity. In 1793 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, transforming cotton production in the South.

Section 2 A Growing Nation (cont.) The spread of cotton plantations boosted the Southern economy, but it also made the demand for slave labor skyrocket. All enslaved persons, no matter how well some were treated, suffered indignities. An Economy Built on Enslaved Labor, c. 1850

Section 2 Which form of transportation contributed the most to connecting different regions in the early 1800s? A. Steamboats B. Trains C. Wagons D. Cars A B C D