Body Organization: directional terms, regions, sections, planes, and cavities February 9, 2017

Anatomical Position The picture shows a body in anatomical position. The person is upright, with arms down and palms to the front.

Anatomical Position All directional terms reference position with regards to anatomical position … even if the body in question is in a different position. Example: The head is superior (above) to the feet, whether you are standing up, laying down, or doing a handstand.

Directional Terms Important terms not shown on the diagram: Deep – more internal Superficial – toward / at body surface Terms are used to describe relative position. Example: the ribs are anterior to the spine

Directional Term Practice 1 Using your guided notes, answer the following The knee is _____________________ to the hip bones. The ears are _________________________ to the nose. The elbow is on the _________________side of the arm. Your naval is _______________________ to your arms. Your thumbs are always _____________ to your fingers. Your heart is _________________________ to your ribs. Your shoulders are ________________ to your elbows._ inferior / distal lateral posterior / dorsal medial lateral deep superior / proximal

Directional Term Practice 2 Name a structure that is … … medial to your eye … lateral to your heart …. distal to your wrist … proximal to your elbow … on the posterior side of the hand …on the anterior side of the body … superficial to the ribs

Regional Terms The body can be divided into two main regions: Axial part – the main axis of our body Head, neck, trunk Appendicular part – the appendages arms, legs

Regional Terms Your femur is on what part of the body? The body can be divided into two main regions: Axial part – the main axis of our body Head, neck, trunk Appendicular part – the appendages arms, legs Your femur is on what part of the body? Your sternum is on what part of the body?

Regional Terms Your femur is on what part of the body? appendicular The body can be divided into two main regions: Axial part – the main axis of our body Head, neck, trunk Appendicular part – the appendages arms, legs Your femur is on what part of the body? appendicular Your sternum is on what part of the body? axial

Body Planes and Sections The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane. The three most common planes are: Sagittal (Median) plane (cuts body into left & right) Frontal (coronal) plane (cuts body into front & back) Transverse plane (cross section) (cuts body into superior & inferior parts) Sagittal – think twins

Body Planes and Sections The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane. Misconception alert! Planes do not have to be in the middle of the body to go by these names.

Body Planes and Sections Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? sagittal the top and bottom of the kidney? transverse Which plane could be used to separate t The anterior and posterior parts of the body? frontal Use full sentences

Body Cavities Each membrane enclosed by double layered serous membranes, or serosa.

Body Cavities In which cavity are the following organs are found: Name both the major and minor divisions. Spinal cord Lungs Brain Liver Bladder Small intestine Dorsal, vertebral Ventral, thoracic Dorsal, cranial Ventral, abdominal Ventral, pelvic Ventral, abdominal

Practice! Look over your notes on: direction, regional, sectional, and cavity terms with a partner for 5 minutes. Then, we will play a game.

Game (Round 1) Get a partner and 8 small pieces of tape, and label 1-8. Place the tape on your partner’s body to match the words. First one wins!

Game (Round 1) Medial to the eye Proximal to the knee Inferior to the neck On the anterior side of the body Distal to the elbow Posterior side of the hand On the axial body On the appendicular body

Game (Round 2) – switch

Game (Round 2) – switch Inferior to the heart Distal to the knee On the posterior side of the neck On the appendicular body On the axial body Medial to the lungs Superior to the waist On the anterior side of the arm

Game (Round 3) Write on paper.. 1. 2. 3.

Game (Round 3) Write on paper. Identify the sectional cuts. 1. 2. 3.

Game (Round 3) Write on paper. Identify the sectional cuts. 1. 2. 3.

Game (Round 4) Write on paper.

Game (Round 4) Write on paper. Identify the body cavities. Use minor classification (not ventral / dorsal). Where the spinal cord is Where the lungs are Where the stomach is Where the ovaries are Where the kidneys are Where the brain is

Game (Round 4) – Row Teams Write on paper. Identify the body cavities. Use minor classification (not ventral / dorsal). Where the spinal cord is Where the lungs are Where the stomach is Where the ovaries are Where the kidneys are Where the brain is

Homework Quiz next class