Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Manufacturing of the 18th century Hand tools & small- scale manufacturing Agriculture centered economy Pushed by Democratic- Republicans Technology improvement creates a shift toward large- scale production Picture is of an iron ore plant in Pennsylvania.

Free Enterprise & Factories Workers and machines together under one roof Water frame: Power machines in factories Samuel Slater 1st successful water- powered textile mill People leave farms to work in factories for wages on a set schedule Factory in Massachusetts

Free Enterprise and Factories New England was ideal for factories Built factories near water for power source Land not beneficial for farming Poor, rocky soil People willing to work in factories Fast flowing rivers Near Atlantic Ocean

Free Enterprise and Factories Competition, profit, private property, & economic freedom Allows for competition Minimum government interference Many people invested in industry during the War of 1812 Businessmen built factories and grew wealthy

Impact on Cities Industrial cities grew the quickest Most on rivers Needed water power New England had many fast- flowing rivers City Disadvantages: Waste disposal was an issue Threat of disease Fires were a constant threat Overcrowded living conditions City Advantages: Libraries, museums, shops Jobs & attractions outweighed the dangers

Technology Revolution Spinning jenny: Produces many spools of yarn Power loom: Weave & press thread into cloth Advances made it possible for any unskilled workers to produce cloth Patent Law: Passed to protect rights of inventors

Lowell Mills Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Massachusetts Picture of the Lowell Mills Figured out how to work power looms in England (stole the technology like Samuel Slater) So successful he built a factory town called Lowell

At the Lowell Mills

Technology Innovations Factories did many tasks in one place Increase efficiency Interchangeable parts Each part of a manufactured item was exactly alike Reduced prices Became the industry standard The first picture is an exploded view of the type of guns that Whitney first designed using his interchangeable parts process. The second picture is an exploded view of an LCD tv. The last picture to come up through animation is a Nintendo 3DS.

Transportation Revolution Roads built to connect cities States charged tolls or fees to drive wagons on the streets of crushed stone Robert Fulton: Builds a steam boat Commercially transport people up the Hudson River in 32 hours Using only sails would take 4 days A new age of river travel Shipping goods & moving people became cheaper and faster Canals built for trade Erie Canal

Industrial Revolution’s Key Inventions Person Invention Date James Watt First reliable Steam Engine 1775 Samuel Slater First successful American textile mill 1793 Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets 1793, 1798 Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River 1807 Francis Cabot Lowell First American textile mill to convert raw cotton to finished cloth in one building 1813 Peter Cooper American-made locomotive powered by steam 1830 Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph 1836 Elias Howe Sewing Machine 1844 Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine 1851 Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable 1866 Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876 Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb 1877, 1879 Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor 1888 Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine 1892 Orville and Wilbur Wright First Manned Airplane 1903 Henry Ford Model T Ford, Assembly Line 1908, 1913