Mexican War Missouri Compromise Nullification Kansas- Nebraska Act The Compromise of 1850 Dred Scott Decision Lincoln- Douglas Debates (1858)

Nullification The nullification crisis was the result of the impact the protective tariff had on the north and the south. John C. Calhoun declared that it was the state’s right to declare such a law (protective tariff) unconstitutional and nullify it if the law hurt the state.

Mexican War (1846-1848) Causes Mexico was opposed to Texas becoming a U.S. territory. The U.S. claimed that the southern boundary of Texas was the Rio Grande River. Mexico claimed it was the Nueces River, further north. President Polk used this border dispute to justify moving U.S. troops into Mexican territory.

Mexican War (1846-1848) Results 1.Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande River was the southern boundary of Texas. 2. Mexico gave all of present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, as well as parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming to the U.S.. Mexico was paid $15 million for this land, called the Mexican Cession. 3. The size and influence of the U.S. increased once again. 4. One result was the extension of slavery. The slavery debate continued as the country expanded westward.

Missouri Compromise Missouri entered the Union as a slave state. Maine entered the Union as a free state. Except in Missouri, slavery was banned in all other territories gained in the Louisiana Purchase north of Missouri’s southern border. Drew a line at 36 degrees 30’ parallel dividing slave states and free states.

The Compromise of 1850 California entered the Union as a free state. The rest of the Mexican Territory was divided into New Mexico and Utah. Each state could decide whether to be a slave state or free state. Texas gave up part of its territory to create New Mexico. It was now against the law to buy and sell slaves in Washington, D.C., but not to own slaves. The Fugitive Slave Act made it legal for slave owners to go after and capture runaway slaves who had escaped to the North.

Kansas Nebraska Act Politicians wanted to build a railroad across the country and needed to get southern support. Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. repealed the 36◦ 30’ line of the Missouri Compromise. allowed people in these territories decide on slavery through popular sovereignty northern abolitionists and southern slave owners moved into the Kansas Territory to vote fighting led people to call the area “Bleeding Kansas.” Republican Party created as a result (anti-slavery expansion)

Dred Scott Decision 1857- Dred and Harriet Scott (both slaves) moved with their master’s family from Missouri (a slave state) to Illinois (a free state). Later, they all moved back to Missouri. Dred Scott sued for his freedom claiming he had lived in a free state that made him free. The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott could not sue for his freedom because he was property, not a citizen. Southerners were pleased. Northern anti-slavery groups were enraged.

Dred Scott Decision The Missouri Compromise and the Kansas Nebraska Act were unconstitutional because they denied the owner the right to take his property anywhere he wanted.

Lincoln- Douglas Debates (1858) Republican Abraham Lincoln said, “ A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe that this government cannot last as long as America is half slave and half free.” He challenged pro-slavery Stephen Douglas to seven debates. These debates made him famous. Thus defeating Douglas to become President two years later. After Lincoln was elected, southern states began to secede from, or leave the Union.