Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 2.3 Tissues Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Tissues Groups of cells with similar structure and function Held together by membrane junctions (tight, desmosome, gap) Four primary types of tissues: Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle tissue

1. Epithelial Tissues – General Info. (also called epithelium) Functions of epithelial tissues: Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

1. Epithelial Tissues (Epithelium), cont. Characteristics: Made primarily of cells that fit close together Always one free or apical surface Lower surface is bound by a basement membrane

1. Epithelial Tissues (Epithelium), cont. Characteristics, continued: Have no blood supply (avascular) Easily regenerate (replaced with same cells)

1. Epithelial Tissues (epithelium) Found throughout the body: Covering the body (skin epidermis) Lining cavities (membranes) Exocrine glands - Glands with ducts that open to the epithelial surface and do not produce hormones Examples: sweat, salivary, and oil glands

1. Epithelial Tissues (epithelium), cont.

Add this information to your notes Classification of Epithelium Number of cell layers: Simple – one layer Stratified – more than one layer Add this information to your notes Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.16a

Add this information to your notes Classification of Epithelium Shape of cells: Squamous – flattened Cuboidal – cube-shaped Columnar – column-like Add this information to your notes Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.16b

Examples of EPITHELIAL TISSUES

Add underlined information to your notes Simple Epithelium Add underlined information to your notes Simple squamous Single layer of flat cells Usually forms membranes Lines body cavities Lines lungs and capillaries Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.17a

Add underlined information to your notes Simple Epithelium Add underlined information to your notes Simple cuboidal Single layer of cube-like cells Common in glands and their ducts Forms walls of kidney tubules Covers the ovaries Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.17b

Add underlined information to your notes Simple Epithelium Add underlined information to your notes Simple columnar Single layer of tall cells Lines digestive tract Includes goblet cells, which produce mucous Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.17c

Simple Epithelium Pseudostratified Single cell layer that looks like a double layer Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.17d

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Connective Tissue – General Info. Functions: Binds body tissues together Supports the body Provides protection

Connective Tissue – Characteristics Found everywhere in the body Most abundant and widely distributed of tissues

Connective Tissue Characteristics Two components of connective tissues: Living portion: cells Non-living portion: extracellular matrix (ECM) Blood supply varies: Some are well vascularized Some have poor blood supply or are avascular

Connective Tissue – Major Classes Connective Tissue Proper (loose and dense) Cartilage Bone (Osseous) Tissue Blood

Examples of CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Add underlined information to your notes Connective Tissue Proper (loose) RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE Cells: reticular cells Fibers: reticular Forms stroma Lymph nodes Spleen, liver Bone marrow Add underlined information to your notes Figure 3.18g

Add underlined information to your notes Connective Tissue Proper (dense) DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE Cells: fibroblasts Fibers: collagen (and some elastin) Examples: Tendon – attach muscle to bone Ligaments – attach bone to bone Add underlined information to your notes Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.18d

Add underlined information to your notes Connective Tissue - Cartilage Add underlined information to your notes ELASTIC CARTILAGE Cells: chondrocytes Fibers: elastin Examples: External ear Epiglottis

Add underlined information to your notes Connective Tissue - Osseous Add underlined information to your notes OSSEOUS TISSUE Cells: osteocytes Fibers: collagen Hard matrix of calcium salts Example: Bone Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.18a

Add underlined information to your notes Connective Tissue - Blood VASCULAR TISSUE Cells: red and white blood cells Fibers: fibrin (only visible clotting) Fluid matrix Example: Blood Add underlined information to your notes Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.18h

MUSCLE TISSUE

Muscle Tissue – General Information Function - to produce movement Three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle

Muscle Tissue Types SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE Cells: Cylindrical shaped Multi-nucleated Striated Found attached to bones and skin Controlled voluntarily Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.19b

Muscle Tissue Types CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE Cells: Branched cylinders Uni-nucleated Striated Cells attached end-to-end at intercalated disks Found only in heart Controlled: Involuntary Figure 3.19c

Muscle Tissue Types SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE Cells: Spindle-shaped Uni-nucleated No striations Found: Surrounding hollow organs; blood vessels Controlled: Involuntary Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.19a

NERVOUS TISSUE

Nervous Tissue – General Information Consists of two types of cells: Neurons Neuroglial cells (also called glial cells) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.20

Nervous Tissue 1. NEURONS Cell body with branches (processes) Conduct electrical impulses Found in brain, spinal cord and nerves Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.20

Nervous Tissue 2. NEUROGLIAL CELLS Variety of shapes, sizes Do not conduct electrical impulses Support neurons Found in all parts of nervous system Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.20