1. Epithelial Tissue – Part I
Tissue = Group of cells similar in structure & function.

2. 2. Epithelial Tissue Lining, Covering, Glandular tissue of Body
Ex. skin, linings of digestive, respiratory tract, and exo/endocrine glandular tissue.
avascular (no blood supply)
“basement membrane” - reinforce/help resist tearing.

3. 3. Functions of epithelial
protection
absorption
filtration
excretion
secretion (glands)

4. Classification of Epithelium
Classification is based on
1) # of Cell Layers Then 2) Shape of Cell

5. Classification of Epithelium
Number of cell layers
Simple – one layer
Stratified – more than one layer
Figure 3.16a
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6. Classification of Epithelium
Shape of cells
Squamous – flattened, disc-like
Cuboidal – cube-shaped
Columnar – column-like
Figure 3.16b
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7. Simple Squamous
Single layer of flat cells ideal for rapid diffusion of substances
Lines Lungs for gas exchange
Also, capillaries-single layer allows diffusion of nutrients/waste w/surrounding tissue)
Figure 3.17a
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8. Simple Cuboidal Common in glands and their ducts
Forms walls of kidney tubules
Covers the ovaries
Figure 3.17b
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9. Simple Columnar Simple columnar Single layer of tall cells
Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus
digestive tract lining
Figure 3.17c
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10. Pseudostratified Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
Often looks like a double cell layer
Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
Figure 3.17d
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11. Stratified Squamous Skin has “keratin” giving it extra durability.
Areas of High Abrasion
Ex. Skin, Mouth, Esophagus
Skin has “keratin” giving it extra durability.
Figure 3.17e
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12. Transitional Epithelium
Stretches to permit distension
Bladder, Ureters, Urethra (Urinary syst. organs)
Bladder, Ureters, etc
Figure 3.17f
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13. Connective Tissue Functions Binds body tissues, Supports, Protect
most abundant and widely distributed tissues
Functions
Binds body tissues, Supports, Protect
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14. Extracellular Matrix Non-living material surrounds living cells
Two main elements
Ground substance – mostly water w/adhesion proteins
Fibers made by cells -3 types
Collagen fibers (tough)
Elastic fibers (“Elastin”-resilient)
Reticular fibers (reticule =“network”)
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15. Types of Connect. Tissue
Bone (osseous tissue)
Cartilage (Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic)
Dense C.T.
Loose C.T. (Areolar,Adipose, Reticular)
Blood
Types of Body Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

16. Connective Tissue Types
Bone (osseous tissue)
Composed of:
Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)
Large # collagen fibers Hardened by calcium salts
Figure 3.18a
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17. 3 types of Cartilage
Hyaline (Most common)
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

18. Connective Tissue Types
Hyaline cartilage (most common)
Composed of:
collagen fibers in a Rubbery Matrix
Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage
Structural support of esophagus, larynx, Nose, attaches ribs to breastbone
Figure 3.18b
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19. Connective Tissue Types
Elastic cartilage
Provides elasticity
Supports the external ear
Epiglottis (flap preventing food/water entering trachea/windpipe)
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20. Connective Tissue Types
Fibrocartilage
Compressible
forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae
Meniscus of Knee (cushions bone-bone contact of femur/tibia of leg)
Figure 3.18c
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21. Connective Tissue Types
Dense connective tissue
Fibroblasts - Cells that make fibers of tissue
Examples
Tendon – attach muscle to bone
Ligaments – attach bone to bone
Figure 3.18d
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22. 2. Adipose 3. Reticular Loose C.T. - 3 subclasses 1. Areolar
Areolar - “Glue” that binds body together (binds skin to organs, organs-organs)

23. Loose C.T. -Areolar “Glue” that binds body together
(binds skin to organs, organs-organs;
ex. “mesenteries”-tissues binding organs in abdominal cavities)

24. Loose C.T. - Adipose “Fat”, Cells have large fat vacuole
Forms Subcutaneous (“under skin” tissue to insulate body.
Protects some organs
Serves as a site of fuel storage
Figure 3.18f
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25. Delicate network of interwoven fibers “Reticul” is latin for “Network”
Loose C.T. - Reticular
Delicate network of interwoven fibers
“Reticul” is latin for “Network”
Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Bone marrow
Figure 3.18g
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26. Connective Tissue Types
Blood
Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix
Fibers are visible during clotting
Functions as the transport vehicle for materials
Figure 3.18h
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27. Skeletal Muscle Voluntary – Gross Body movement Striated
Cells have more than one nucleus (MULTI-Nucleated)
Figure 3.19b
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28. Cardiac Muscle Involuntary Heart - pump blood Striated, branching
intercalated disks – gap between cardiac cells that increase impulse transmission
Figure 3.19c
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29. Smooth Muscle Involuntary Surrounds hollow organs/Blood vessels
No striations
Spindle-shaped
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30. Nervous Tissue Neurons – Transmit electrical impulses/signal
Neuroglial cells – structural support, insulate, protect neurons.
Located: Brain, spinal cord, nerves

31. Marfan Syndrome
Is a genetic mutation affecting the connective tissues. (gene for a tissue fiber protein is mutated)
Typical Marfan features:
Concave/sunken chest
Long fingers, loose/flexible joints (double- jointed)
“wing-span” longer than height
Tall, Lanky
Biggest health risk – connective tissues of blood vessels also affected; Walls of Aorta/heart can become weakened and enlarge, eventually tearing at weakened areas.