Mini Quiz 1. Julie is a serious and conscientious employee; however, with her friends at Happy Hour on Friday afternoon she is the "life of the party." Julie would most likely be a. a high self-monitor. b. a low self-monitor. c. high in private self-consciousness. d. low in public self-consciousness.

Mini Quiz 2. Which of the following approaches relies upon factor analytic techniques to reduce the many traits in the English language down to few factors? a. the many-trait approach b. the single-trait approach c. the essential trait approach d. the empirical trait approach

Mini Quiz 3. Which of the following reflect the structure of personality presently proposed by many adherents of the essential trait approach? a. neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness b. authoritarianism, fascism, conservatism, anti-Semitism, cynicism c. the traits of the California Q-Set d. self-monitoring

Mini Quiz 4. The sole basis by which items are selected for empirically derived personality scales is whether a. their content adequately reflects the construct to be measured. b. they are correlated with other items on the scales. c. the respondent will be willing and able to truthfully give an accurate self-assessment for them. d. they are answered differently by different kinds of people.

Mini Quiz Today is A) My birthday! B) Tuesday C) Going to be fun D) all of the above

Using Traits to Understand Behavior Different approaches: The Single-Trait Approach The Many-Trait Approach The Essential-Trait Approach The Simultaneous-Trait Approach

The Simultaneous-Trait Approach Trait approaches tend to be “one-dimensional” They only consider one trait at a time “He is extraverted” Pro: Simple and automatic Con: Not all extraverts act the same

The Simultaneous-Trait Approach An “extraverted” and “agreeable” person An “extraverted” and “disagreeable” person

The Simultaneous-Trait Approach An “extraverted” and “agreeable” person Warm An “extraverted” and “disagreeable” person Controlling

The Simultaneous-Trait Approach This approach examines how traits “blend” together within an individual

The Interpersonal Sphere Ask yourself: High (+) Moderate (0) Low (-) How dominant are you? How warm are you?

Interpersonal Circumplex Cold Warm - 0 +

Interpersonal Circumplex Dominant + - Submissive

Interpersonal Circumplex Dominant Cold Warm Submissive

The Interpersonal Circumplex

The Interpersonal Circumplex

IPIP-IPC Warm-Agreeable Am interested in people. Reassure others. Inquire about others’ well-being. Get along well with others. Markey & Markey, 2009

IPIP-IPC Gregarious-Extraverted Start conversations. Love large parties. Feel comfortable around people. Talk to a lot of different. Markey & Markey, 2009

IPIP-IPC Assured-Dominant Do most of the talking. Demand to be the center of attention. Speak loudly. Demand attention. Markey & Markey, 2009

IPIP-IPC Arrogant-Calculating Cut others to pieces. Contradict others. Snap at people. Have a sharp tongue. Markey & Markey, 2009

IPIP-IPC Cold-Hearted Believe people should fend for themselves. Don’t fall for sob-stories. Don’t put a lot of thought into things. Am not interested in other people’s problems. Markey & Markey, 2009

IPIP-IPC Aloof-Introverted Am a very private person. Don’t talk a lot. Have little to say. Am quiet around strangers. Markey & Markey, 2009

IPIP-IPC Unassured-Submissive Dislike being the center of attention. Let others finish what they are saying. Speak softly. Seldom toot my own horn. Markey & Markey, 2009

IPIP-IPC Unassuming-Ingenuous Tolerate a lot from others. Take things as they come. Seldom stretch the truth. Think of others first. Markey & Markey, 2009

The Interpersonal Circumplex The IPC can help us understand sex – well at least who does it the most! Markey & Markey, 2007

Sex "Sex is a conversation carried out by other means.” "Sex with love is the greatest thing in life. But sex without love -- that's not so bad either."

Sex and Personality What accounts for different people’s willingness (or lack thereof) to engage in sexual relations with multiple partners?  Who has multiple partners? High Extraversion Low Agreeablness

Method Participates Measures 210 participants IAS 105 men and 105 women Measures IAS Sexual promiscuity (different levels of intimacy) 1) One minute continuous lip kissing 2) Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals 3) Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals 4) Sexual intercourse

Results 1) Men reported more partners for: 1) One minute continuous lip kissing 2) Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals 3) Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals 4) Sexual intercourse

Results 2) For both males and females dominance was positively related to: 1) One minute continuous lip kissing 2) Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals 3) Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals 4) Sexual intercourse

Results 3) Warmth had a quadratic relationship with: 1) One minute continuous lip kissing 2) Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals 3) Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals 4) Sexual intercourse

Research Examples

Conclusion Personality is a unique “blend” of traits Like chemistry’s periodic table Elements do not exist in a vacuum Combine together! H20, NH3, CO2, etc.