Climate  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjwmrg__ZVw

The 6 Climate Zones Moderate Dry Continental Vertical

O R B I T R E V O L U T I N

Earth’s Major Climate Zones High Medium Low Low Makes no sense without caption in book Medium High http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95TtXYjOEv4

Factors That Affect Climate  Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. •  Elevation -Vertical • The higher the elevation is, the colder the climate.  Topography • Topographic features such as mountains play an important role in the amount of precipitation that falls over an area.

Factors That Affect Climate  Bodies of Water • Lakes and oceans have an important effect on the temperature of an area because the temperature of the water body influences the temperature of the air above it. Make the air more MILD  Atmospheric Circulation • Global winds are another factor that influences climate because they distribute heat and moisture around Earth.

Factors That Affect Climate  Vegetation • Vegetation can affect both temperature and the precipitation patterns in an area. Malaysian Rain Forest

The Rain Shadow Effect – An area that has a barrier preventing rain from reaching the other side Makes no sense without caption in book

Climate Data for Two Cities Flagstaff, AZ Phoenix, AZ Makes no sense without caption in book

Along the equator World Climates Tropical Climates Humid tropical climates are without winters. Average temperature above 65o Precipitation can exceed 200 cm per year Along the equator

Congo Basin – 2nd largest rain forest in the world African Savanna Makes no sense without caption in book Congo Basin – 2nd largest rain forest in the world

Moderate/Temperate World Climates Climates with mild winters Thunderstorms Have an average temperature in the coldest month that is below 65o but above 27o

World Climates Moderate/Temperate Located on the eastern side of a continent Characterized by hot, sultry summers and cool winters. A marine west coast climate - found on windward coasts from latitudes 40o to 65o Dominated by maritime air masses Winters are MILD, and summers are cool. A dry-summer climate located between 30o and 45o latitude.

**45th Parallel** The 45th latitude line Circle of latitude that is 45 degrees north or south of the equator Continental climate

Continental Hot summers Cold Winters Little rainfall Interior of a continent Between 45 and 58 degrees latitude 4 Seasons

World Climates Dry Climates  A dry climate is one in which the yearly precipitation is not as great as the potential loss of water by evaporation.

World Climates Polar Climates  Polar climates are those in which the mean temperature of the warmest month is below 20o.

Vertical Terrestrial landscape Climate changes based on elevation Weather affected by elevation The higher you go, the colder it is

Climate Change http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zo7wTOdc_M Makes no sense without caption in book http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zo7wTOdc_M

Climate Changes Natural Processes That Change Climates  Volcanic Eruptions • The presence of volcanic aerosols (ash, dust, and sulfur-based aerosols) in the air increases the amount of solar radiation that is reflected back into space. This causes Earth’s lower atmosphere to cool.  Ocean Circulation • Changes in ocean circulation also can result in short-term climate fluctuations.

Climate Changes Natural Processes That Change Climates  Solar Activity • When the sun is most active, it contains dark blemishes called sunspots. Correspond with warm periods in Europe and North America.  Earth Motions • Geographic changes in Earth’s land and water bodies cause changes in climate. • Changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit and the tilt of Earth on its axis are other Earth motions that affect global climates.

Effect of El Niño http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbNzw1CCKHo Warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific Cycle of warm and cold temperatures El Nino Southern Oscillation ENSO Makes no sense without caption in book http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/13/weather/el-nino-2015/index.html http://ggweather.com/enso/oni.htm

El Nino……

Human Impact on Climate Changes  The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse The effect is a natural warming of both Earth’s lower atmosphere and Earth’s surface from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by the atmosphere. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zLuqSYF68E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPJJM_hCFj0

Climate Changes Cont….. Global Warming • An increase in levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, that have warmed up global temperatures http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJAbATJCugs

Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Emissions Makes no sense without caption in book

Increases in Greenhouse Gases and Changes in Temperature Makes no sense without caption in book

What would happen if all the polar ice caps melted? http://www.luxuryandglamor.com/heres-world-will-look-like-ice-melted-pretty-scary/

Historic Climate Agreement December 12, 2015 196 Countries Goal is to bring down pollution levels so rise in global temperatures is no more than 2 degreed Celsius Limit emission from CO2, greenhouse gases Review countries every 5 years to encourage deeper pollution cuts Obama administration – “Turning point for the world” Obama forged a deal with China to work to scale back emissions

High, Middle, and Low Latitudes Draw this in your geo journal High Latitude Arctic Circle Middle Latitude Tropic of Cancer Low Latitudes Equator Tropic of Capricorn Middle Latitude Antarctic Circle High Latitude Draw this in your geo journal

Aral Sea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_95P5g86qM

*Tropical Much of the equatorial belt within the tropical climate zone experiences Hot and humid weather Have abundant rainfall.

*Temperate Changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally moderate Hot summers, cold winters A lot of rainfall

*Polar Lack of warm summers Average temperature less than 10 degrees Sun shines for long hours in the summer and short hours in the winter

*Vertical Climate A Vertical Climate is the area where the climate changes by altitude

*Dry Hot and dry climate Warm all year round Are extremely hot in the summer They have very little rainfall.

*Continental Climates Hot summers, cold winters Little rainfall Typically the interior of a continent Four seasons

6 Climates Tropical Dry Termperate/Moderate Polar Continental Vertical http://ideas.ted.com/2014/05/02/just-what-is-going-on-in-this-climate-of-ours/

Climagraphs

Climate Graphs

What do the dots and lines mean? The LINE in a Climagraph is temperature The BARS in a Climagraph is the precipitation

How Are Climate Graphs Used? Compare the annual temperature Compare rainfall of places around the world They are very easy to plot and read

Steps to Plotting Climate Graphs 1. Plot on the rainfall as a bar chart, colored blue. 2. Plot on the temperature as a line graph, coloured red. 3. Finish it off by including the following: - The total rainfall for the year (add all the bars together) - The temperature range (the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest one). - The name of the place that the graph is for.

Climate graph for Newcastle:

Which hemisphere is this climate graph for?

Which hemisphere is this climate graph for?

Food for thought….. Your assignment is….. Due: Thursday, March 16th Tweets (140 characters) and Hashtags Climate book Use rubric as a checklist Due: Thursday, March 16th Food for thought….. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrzbRZn5Ed4

Page 1 – Title of Book – lovely, colorful, and beautiful *Page 1 – Title of Book – lovely, colorful, and beautiful *Page 2 – FULL definition for climate *Pages to 8 – One climate zone on each page with picture, definition for that zone, tweet (<140 Characters), and hashtag Page 9 - blank *Page 10 -Glue rubric on the back Everything needs to be colored and detailed