Starting Assignment 1. Why do you think many people in India already know how to speak English OR really want to learn English if they don’t know it already? 3. What is an assumption you could make about India in the year 2000 OR India in the year 2050 based on this population pyramid? 2. India’s Bengal Tiger is being threatened by poachers and loss of habitat. Which theme of geography does this represent, and HOW?

INDIA

INDUS VALLEY Actually located in PAKISTAN Where civilization in South Asia began Actually located in PAKISTAN

India --- 4,000 years ago

THE “RAJ” Period of British control over India

How did the British rule India? It wasn’t a sudden process Began in 1750s Took full control in 1857 The East India Company created trading relationship wanted to have more direct control over India shift from trade domination to political domination Don’t write, just listen to the parts in red! How did the British come to rule India. First off, it wasn’t a sudden process; it took a hundred years from the beginning of British entry into India in the mid 18th century (around 1750) until they finally had complete control. 1857 is often marked as the date of full British control over India. In 1526, Babur, the first of the Mughal Emperors invaded North India. At this time, India had already been under the control of Muslim rulers from Turkey for over 300 years. Babur began a dynasty that by the eighteenth century covered the areas of present day Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. This is a very large area and the wealth it amassed attracted traders from Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Including England. The East India Company was given a charter by Queen Elizabeth in 1600 for exclusive trade rights with India. And it was this trading company which eventually began the Indian take-over. In the first half of the eighteenth century, the Mughal dynasty began began to decline, leaving the region with no strong central authority. Instead there were a number of smaller kingdoms. Both the French and the British struggled for control over India, both wanted to fill the power vacuum left by the declining Mughal empire. At first the relation was just one of Trade. The East India Company had rights over trade with India. So they would bring goods from India into Europe, and then England would pay silver to India. This was one of the reasons people were not happy with this trade relationship; because silver was leaving England and going to India. So the East India Company wanted to have more direct control over India, and there was a shift from trade domination to actual political domination.

How did the British rule India? Took over taxation of people Promised “protection” East India Company began to extend its control over more and more of India British government took direct control over India in 1857 Big difference between the lives of the British in India and the lives of the native Indians Don’t write, just listen to the parts in red!

Areas under British control 1919-1947

Drastic Changes…Some Good English official language Better healthcare Postal system New industries to make India developed Railroads, canals for irrigation, roads Better education Private ownership of land

Drastic Changes…Some Bad Profits drained from India to Britain Improvements paid for by Indian taxes Famines caused by British production of commercial crops instead of food Indians treated as inferiors socially, morally and culturally British segregated society, “Europeans Only” signs

This small man was able to bring the British Empire to its knees This small man was able to bring the British Empire to its knees. His actions are what made the British realize they had to leave India. This man was able to convince millions of Indians to follow him. His method was non-violent resistance, and I want to talk about this in some detail, because it is important for the history of our own country. Martin Luther King Jr. drew on many of Gandhi’s ideas for the civil rights struggle in the United States. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)

Gandhi Fought against British control of India Believed in nonviolent resistance

The 1930 Salt March British had a monopoly on the making/selling salt. Indians were arrested if they tried to make salt. Gandhi rebelled and marched to the ocean to collect salt His next major satyagraha, non-violent protest, wasn’t until 1930, eight years later. This was the famous salt march. The British had a monopoly on the use and sale of salt. The only place you were allowed to buy salt in India was in government shops, and it was heavily taxed. Gandhi led a large group to the beach and they made their salt directly from the sea water. Millions followed his example; and the jailing started again. Salt March Monument

Gandhi picks up a grain of salt in defiance of British law. In the movie, Gandhi leaves his ashram with 75 followers. He explains “They are not in control. We are.” He is arrested his followers march on the salt works to collect salt. Gandhi picks up a grain of salt in defiance of British law.

BRITAIN GIVES UP India is freed!!

Independence Freedom came August 15, 1947 Gandhi was saluted as the 'father of the nation'

INDIA SPLITS INTO TWO COUNTRIES IN 1947: Muslims go to Pakistan Hindus go to India

Mahatma Gandhi – The Father of India (1869-1948) Gandhi worked to stop the fighting between Muslims and Hindus on the border between India and Pakistan. He was assassinated on January 30, 1948 by a man who thought Gandhi was too sympathetic to India's Muslims.

BEFORE & AFTER British India South Asia Today

RELIGION PAKISTAN = 97% Muslim

BANGLADESH Used to be East Pakistan Later gained Independence Muslim

INDIA TODAY… WORLD’S LARGEST DEMOCRACY India vs. Pakistan – fighting and hatred

India Today… Outsourcing of jobs from America to India Pros: Cheaper wages, highly intellectual individuals Cons: Language Barriers Damaging psychological effects on Indians (call-center employees who are expected to act like the Western employees they have replaced in terms of accents, slang and even names) Don’t write, just listen to the parts in red!

BANGALORE, INDIA – Outsourcing capital of India