What’s the Matter? http://scaleofuniverse.com/

What is our world made of? Rock Oil Wood Water Sand Air Lava

What is our world made of? Solids Rock Oil Liquids Wood Water Gases Sand Air Lava

Do these all take up space and have mass? Matter Solids Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass Water There are 3 states of matter: Solids Liquids Gases Liquids Rock Gases Do these all take up space and have mass? Air

Properties of the States of Matter Solids Properties: Does the shape change? Does the volume change? Can you compress it? Does it flow? Liquids Gases

Solids Liquids Gases Definite shape Definite volume Cannot be compressed Cannot flow Solids Liquids No definite shape Definite volume Cannot be compressed Can flow No definite shape No definite volume Can be compressed Can flow Gases

Particle Theory Matter is made up of very small particles (which we call molecules, atoms or ions). These particles are always vibrating It is this movement that determines whether the object is a solid, a liquid or a gas. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/chemical_material_behavi our/particle_model/activity/

Particle Arrangement Solids Liquids Gases Arranged in a regular shape Strong forces holding them together Vibrate but can’t move out of position Liquids No regular arrangement – take the shape of the container Particles in contact and slide over each other Forces holding particles together weaker than solid, stronger than gas Random arrangement Very far apart – weak forces between particles Can move in all directions Move quickly and spread into the space available Gases

What is in between these particles? Particle Arrangement Solids What is in between these particles? Liquids NOTHING!! Gases

Questions Can gases be compressed? Explain using particle theory Why is it easy to pour a liquid? Why do solids have a fixed shape? Why do gases fill all available space?

Diffusion 50 cm3 of peas + 50cm3 of salt = __________ cm3

Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of particles to spread out and fill all of the available space In gases it takes place quickly – particles moving fast & weak forces In liquids & solids it happens more slowly – less movement of particles & stronger forces than in gases

Diffusion SMELL AIR

How do we change state? Melting Boiling Freezing Condensing Gas (steam) Melting Boiling Freezing Condensing Solid Liquid

Melting HEAT Solid -> Liquid Particles vibrate in a fixed position Particles vibrate more and begin to spread out Particles spread out to a liquid

Boiling Liquid -> Gas Particles in a liquid state Particles gain energy and move more Particles have enough energy to escape - evaporation

Boiling v Evaporation Boiling: When evaporation begins to occur throughout the liquid, i.e. bubbles of gas form inside the liquid Evaporation: the changing of a liquid to a gas

Condensation REMOVE HEAT Gas -> Liquid Particles lose energy when they are cooled Particles become closer to together and are in liquid state Particles in a gas state

Freezing REMOVE HEAT Liquid -> Solid Particles in a liquid state Particles lose energy when they are cooled Particles cannot flow when they become closer – can only vibrate

Question What are the ideal conditions when hanging out clothes to dry?

Dry, warm and windy Evaporation is helped by the wind The wind blows away the particles that have already evaporated This makes room for more particles to evaporate

Questions On a cold morning if you breath on the window of the car what happens? What happens to the mirror in the bath room when you have a hot shower? Why do they happen? Why does butter spread more easily if it is warmed slightly? Why do ice cubes added to a glass of lemonade slowly disappear?

True or False? Particles only move in the liquid and gas phase Liquids are easy to compress The particles of a gas are packed tightly together Solids take the shape of the container they are in.