1. States of Matter

2. Matter Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Three States of Matter:
Solids
Liquids
Gases

3. Three states of matter solid liquid gas
At room temperature most substances exist in one of three physical states.
solid
liquid
gas

4. butter oxygen bleach tree orange juice ice lolly cloud perfume desk
Look at the following substances.
Decide whether they exist as a solid, liquid or gas.
butter
oxygen
bleach
tree
orange juice
ice lolly
cloud
perfume
desk
shampoo
coal
steam

5. Solid, liquid or gas?

6. Solid, liquid or gas?

7. What you should learn about today...
About the particle model for the states of matter
What are the characteristics of the states of matter
What diffusion is

8. All matter is made up of particles
Can you remember what the three states of matter are?
Solids
Liquids
Gases
All matter is made up of particles
These particles are so tiny that we would need a really powerful microscope to see them

9. Solids The particles are arranged in a regular way.
The particles are packed closely together.
There are strong forces holding them together.

10. Particle arrangements: solids
This animation shows a 2-D view of the motion of the atoms in a 3-D solid.

11. Liquids In a liquid the particles are not arranged in a regular way.
The particles can slide past each other.
The forces holding the particles together are weaker than in a solid

12. Particle arrangements: liquids
This animation shows a 2-D view of the motion of the atoms in a liquid. There is no order.

13. Gases
In a gas the particles are much farther apart than in a liquid or a solid.
There is only weak forces between the particles.
The particles move quickly into all the space available independently.

14. Particle arrangements: gases

15. Solids

16. The bonds between them are strong.
The Particles are packed tightly together.
The bonds between them are strong.
They have a definite shape
They have a definite volume
They cannot be compressed (squashed)
Cannot flow

17. Liquids

18. The Particles are loosely connected.
The bonds between them are weak, they can move easily!
They have no definite shape
They have a fixed volume
They cannot be compressed( squashed)
They can flow

19. Gases

20. The Particles are not joined at all. They can move freely with speed.
They have no definite shape
(They expand to fill any space)
They have no definite volume
They can flow and spread out
They can be compressed
(SQUASHED)

22. Properties of States of Matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Have a definite shape
No definite shape.
Take the shape of their container.
No definite shape
Take the shape of their container
Have a definite volume
Have a definite volume.
No definite volume
Cannot be compressed
Can be compressed
Cannot flow
Can flow

23. Which state of matter am I?

25. How do smells spread out?
Where is the smell coming from and how does it spread out?

26. Insects communicate by smells that diffuse through the air.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the way in which particles in gases and liquids spread out the space in which they are placed.
For example, the smell of after-shave or perfume diffuses across a room.
Insects communicate by smells that diffuse through the air.

27. Diffusion animation 1

28. Diffusion in a liquid Activity 2
Drop a piece of potassium permanganate into the bottom of the beaker of water with a straw.
In your notes copy:
Draw a picture of the experiment.
Write about what we did (the method), and say what happened (the result)..

29. Diffusion Can you explain why….
Diffusion occurs both in liquids and gases but hardly at all in solids?
Diffusion happens more quickly for gases than for liquids.

30. Diffusion

31. Changes of State
Most substances can be changed into solids, liquids and gases by heating or cooling them.
Example:
Water

32. Matter can change states
Many materials can change into each of the different states.
For example, we know that water can be a solid (ICE), liquid (WATER) and gas (STEAM).

33. Melting
is the changing of a solid to a liquid

34. Icecaps in the Artic are melting because of global warming.
If we can’t stop this the polar bears won’t have a place to live 

35. The melting point is the temperature when a solid turns into a liquid

36. Have you noticed that puddles of rain dry up quickly on a sunny day?
Evaporation is the changing of a liquid to a gas
The heat from the sun gives some of the particles at the surface of the liquid extra energy and they escape from the liquid and go into the air!

37. 1. Which of the diagrams represents a liquid evaporating?B C D

38. Boiling
The boiling point is the temperature when a liquid turns into a gas

39. Boiling
When liquid is heated the particles get more energy and move faster and faster until they ALL get enough energy to escape the liquid and form a gas!

40. Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid
On a cold morning have you ever noticed that the inside of the car window was covered in moisture?
Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid

41. Is the changing of a liquid to a solid
Freezing
Is the changing of a liquid to a solid
When liquid candle wax cools down it freezes and becomes a solid…

42. In some places it gets so cold that the lakes freeze over …

43. Change of State