The Civil Rights Movement

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Presentation transcript:

The Civil Rights Movement VUS.14

Civil Rights Movement By interpreting its powers broadly, the Supreme Court can reshape American society. African Americans, working through the court system and mass protest, reshaped public opinion and secured the passage of civil rights.

Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision that segregated schools are unequal and must desegregate Included Virginia case Prince Edward County Davis vs. County School Board

Key People Thurgood Marshall: Oliver Hill: NAACP Legal Defense Team NAACP Legal Defense Team in Virginia

Virginia Response Massive Resistance: Closing some schools Establishment of private academies White flight from urban school systems

Responses in Other States Arkansas The “Little Rock Nine” Little Rock Public Schools National Guard sent in by President Eisenhower Mississippi University of Mississippi President Kennedy used US Marshals to enroll James Meredith, first Black Student to the university

Responses in Other States Alabama Governor George Wallace “blocked” door Did not want two Black students to register at the University of Alabama “Stand in the Schoolhouse Door” Symbolic attempt to keep his promise of "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever"

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Started by W.E.B. Dubois at the Niagara Movement in 1909 Challenged segregation in the courts

1963 March on Washington Participants were inspired by the “I Have a Dream” speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The march helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation The march demonstrated the power of nonviolent, mass protest

1963 March on Washington

1963 March on Washington

Civil Rights Act of 1964 The act prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin. desegregated public accommodations ONLY President Lyndon B. Johnson played an important role in the passage of the act

Voting Rights Act of 1965 The act outlawed literacy tests Federal registrars were sent to the South to register voters Resulted in increase in African American voters President Johnson played an important role