The Archaebacteria Kingdom Brandon Miosi

Bacteria Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor other membrane-bound organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts Bacteria have only one chromosome All bacteria reproduce asexually through mitosis Bacteria have cell walls made of a sugar and amino acid compound called peptidoglyceran

Archaebacteria Arhcaebacteria (a.k.a. Archae) are believed to be the first organisms on earth (archae=ancient) dating back billions of years Unlike eubacteria, archaebacteria are anaerobic, except for the halophiles The RNA of the ribosomes of Archae differ from that of eubacteria as well Most Archae have cell walls but they produce no peptidoglyceran Archae are also called extremophiles because of the environments that they live in

Kingdom There are 3 phyla in the Archae Kingdom; Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles, and Methanogens Phyla

Halophiles Halophiles are a group of Archae that live in areas with high concentrations of salt, like the Great Salt Lake in Utah (10x as much salt as the Pacific Ocean!) They use the salt to produce their ATP for energy Halophiles use osmosis and diffusion to regulate cell pressure and saline concentration Above is a picture of halophilic bacteria and some salt particles

Halophiles Cont… Unlike the other Archae, halophiles are aerobic and photosynthetic Even though halophiles live in salt water 10x more concentrated than an ocean, their internal saline level is only 3-4 times more concentrated A protein coating around the cell protects it from the water it lives in so it doesn’t become dehydrated and die Halophiles have a carotenoid which gives them a slight pinkish color

Thermoacidophiles Thermoacidophiles live in a couple major extremes They live in temperatures above 60 degrees Celsius and in pH levels of 5 or less They usually live in and around sulfur springs and can die of cold at 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit) They live off of sulfur by oxidizing it

Methanogens Methanogens are anaerobic and live in marshes, wetlands, and intestines of animals They produce methane gas from CO2 The methane they produce are used to make ATP There are currently over 50 known species of methanogens

Questions 1.What are the 3 phyla of Archaebacteria? a. eubacteria, halophiles, thermophiles c. halophiles, thermophiles, pediphiles b. halophiles, extremophiles, archae d. thermoacidophiles, halophiles, methanogens 2.What does the word ‘Archae’ mean? a. Active b. Ancient b. New c. First 3. What is the saline concentration of a halophiles home? a. 3-4x an ocean’s c. 10x an ocean’s b. 5x an ocean’s d. 100x an ocean’s 4.What are 2 other names for the 3 phyla of Archae? 5. Why do the halophiles need the protein coating?