1. May 3 Polish Constitution Day
Cinco De Mayo

2. How evolutionary trees are used

3. Biologists use phylogenetic trees in many different ways to solve both scientific and practical problems.
Using trees to make predictions about fossils
Using trees to learn about the evolution of complex features
Using trees to make predictions about poorly-studied species
Using trees to learn about the order of evolution
Using trees to learn about the evolution of diversity

5. Diversity of life organized into 3 Domains
Bacteria- prokaryotic cells, unicellular and microscopic
Archaea - like bacteria, prokaryotic cells, unicellular and microscopic
Eukarya- eukaryotic cells, nucleus and organelles

6. The three domains are the three major “branches” of the “tree” of life

7. Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea
Figure 1.5B The three domains of life.

8. Domain Bacteria Small prokaryotic cell organisms Can rapidly reproduce
Most abundant organisms on earth
Play critical roles throughout the biosphere
Oldest known fossil
One Kingdom Eubacteria

9. Domain Archaea Prokaryotic cell organism
Unique biochemical genetic properties
Some produce methane
Believe to be earliest organism on Earth
Inhabit some of the most extreme environments sulfurous hot springs, thermal vents, salty lakes, mining wastewater, intestines of some animals
Divided One Kingdom Archaebacteria

10. Hot springs at Yellowstone National Park
Domain Archaea
Hot springs at Yellowstone National Park

11. Archaebacteria are grouped into three general categories
Methanogens
Obtain energy by using hydrogen gas to reduce carbon dioxide to methane gas
Extremophiles
Grow under extreme conditions
Thermophiles (heat)
Halophiles (salt)
pH-tolerant
Pressure-tolerant
Nonextreme archaebacteria
Grow in the same environments as bacteria do

12. Domain Eukarya Eukaryotic organisms, “true nucleus”
Membrane bound organelles
Complex cellular organization, biochemistry and molecular biology
More diverse than any other domain of life

13. Eukarya is subdivided into four kingdoms
Protista Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Plantae Kingdom
Animalia Kingdom

14. Protista Kingdom
Protista are simple, predominately unicellular eukaryotic organisms. Examples includes slime, molds and algae.

15. Fungi Kingdom
Fungi are unicellular or multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cell types. The cells have cell walls but are not organized into tissues. They do not carry out photosynthesis and obtain nutrients through absorption. Examples include sac fungi, club fungi, yeasts, and molds.

16. Plantae Kingdom
Plants are multicellular organisms composed of eukaryotic cells. The cells are organized into tissues and have cell walls. They obtain nutrients by photosynthesis and absorption. Examples include mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.

17. Animalia Kingdom
Animals are multicellular organisms composed of eukaryotic cells. The cells are organized into tissues and lack cell walls. They do not carry out photosynthesis and obtain nutrients primarily by ingestion. Examples include sponges, worms, insects, and vertebrates.

18. Conclusions from the Three Domain System
All eukaryotes have true nuclei with linear chromosomes and membrane-bound organelles.
The most variation in Eukarya is among protists.
When considered from the perspective of the complete diversity of life on Earth, the fungi, plants, and animals are quite similar to each other.

19. Three Domains

20. TREE OF LIFE VIDEO http://tolweb.org/tree/home.pages/media.html
Charles Darwin and the Tree of Life, narrated by David Attenborough 6:30sec

21. ANY QUESTIONS?

22. HOMEWORK
QUIZ ???
Page 350 Answer questions 1-6