Turn in Salem Witch Crisis DBQ
4:19 Islamic Gunpowder Empires
Gunpowder Empires Gunpowder Empires—Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires Tied together by violence, gunpowder, and Islam Replaced Tamerlane’s Mongol khanates Ghazi ideal—model of a nomadic Islamic holy warrior
The Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire (1299-1918)—largest, longest lasting gunpowder empire, capital at Istanbul Barbary pirates—north African pirates; captured European slaves and sold them to Ottoman elites devshirme system—Christian boys taken as slaves to guard Ottoman emperors Jannisaries—soldiers in the Ottoman army, given guns
The Ottoman Empire strongest Middle Eastern economy controlled North African slave and gold trade coffeehouses held business deals, poetry readings, scholarly debates
The Ottoman Empire Social classes favored a warrior aristocracy sultan and his viziers—advisors military, ulama—scholars of Islamic law, merchants peasants and slaves harem politics—wives and concubines of the sultan, promoted their sons as heirs to the throne Results in tax exempt upperclass
The Ottoman Empire Mehmed II (1451-1481)—conquered Istanbul, built Topkapi Palace Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)— reformed the Ottoman legal system, expanded navy, raided Christian Europe Last great ruler; Ottoman Empire became known as “The Sick Man of Europe” after
The Safavid Empire Safavid Empire (1501-1736)—the middle Gunpowder Empire founded by Ismail Safavi weak navy and no natural defenses Modern Iran, Iraq Shah Ismail (1501-1524)—mandated all of the empire convert to Shia Islam
The Safavid Empire Shah Abbas I (1587-1629)—ruled Safavid Empire at its height used European weapons and strategies Built capital at Isfahan far from Ottoman Empire (Sunnis) Decline: rebellion by Sunnis in present- day Afghanistan who sacked Isfahan Ottomans and Russia seized territory
Mughal India Mughal Empire (1526-1857)—India under Muslim rule, capital at Delhi Babur (1526-1530)—founded the Mughal Empire, descendent of Genghis Khan and Tamurlane Akbar the Great (1556-1605)—tolerant, attempted to resolve Muslim-Hindu conflicts tried to eliminate child marriage and sati zamindars—govt officials in charge of taxes, construction, water; paid in land
Mughal India Shah Jahan (1627-1658)—built the Taj Mahal Aurangzeb (1658-1707)—spread empire into south of India, forced conversion to Islam killed brothers to inherit the throne spending and peasant uprisings caused empire to collapse British and French traders begin taking political power in India