Tuesday 10-11-16 Persian War Act out Peloponnesian War Alexander the Great Class notes: Group work and homework if you do not finish

Agenda for Today: Persian War (act out) Rivalry between Athens and Sparta (act out) Sparta & Athens FIGHT: Peloponnesian War (act out) Alexander the Great

Persian Wars Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Persian Wars Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The Greeks had settled colonies on the Ionian Peninsula. These colonies were taken over by the Persian Empire.

Persian Wars Athens and Sparta refused. From 499-493bc the colonies rebelled against the Persian kings with some assistance from Mainland Greece. King Darius fairly easily put down the rebellion with his large army and navy and demanded that mainland Greece submit to his rule. Most of the city-states were afraid of the Persian military and agreed. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Athens and Sparta refused. King Darius sent between 20,000 and 60,000 troops to attack Athens.

Persian Wars – Battle of Marathon They landed near the town of Marathon. The Athenians sent a messenger to Sparta to ask for help but the Spartans could not come so the Athenians faced the Persians with only the small group of Plataeans. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Then they orderly fell back, the Persians followed and the Greeks’ flanks were able to move in and surround the Persians. At the end of the Battle of Marathon, 6400 dead Persians and only 192 dead Athenian and 420 Plataeans The Athenians and their allies met the Persians at Marathon with only 10,000 troops. They used a quick attack to get close to the Persian main force before the Persians could organize their archers.

Persian Wars – Battle of Marathon Legend has it that a messenger named Pheidippides ran the 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to tell them of their victory. He was able to say “we have been victorious.” Then he collapsed and died. This run inspired the modern marathon. The effects of the Battle of Marathon were great to both sides. The Greeks learned they could stand up to the mighty Persians and several cities renounced their submission to King Darius. Meanwhile the Persians were embarrassed and angered by their loss and vowed revenge. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Persian Wars King Darius of Persia ordered a massive army to be raised so he could enact his revenge on the Greeks. Unfortunately for him, he died before his army was ready and his son Xerxes continued the preparations to invade Greece. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars In 481bc, Xerxes invaded Greece with 200,000-250,000 soldiers, 1,207 triremes and 3,000 medium sized ships.

Persian Wars - Thermopylae The Persians tied ships together to form bridges all the way across the Hellespont and into Greece. The Persians continue to march easily into Greece defeating everyone along their way. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars They were stopped at a narrow pass called Thermopylae. Here the Greeks had assembled a small army led by King Leonidas of Sparta who only brought 300 men with him.

Persian Wars - Thermopylae The Persians bribed a local man to show them a path through the hills to enclose the Spartans and their allies. Knowing their cause was lost, the Spartans stayed to delay the Persians as long as they could while the rest of the army fled to warn the other city-states. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The Spartans sacrifice gave Athens time to evacuate the city before Xerxes arrived saving all the inhabitants.

Persian Wars – Battle of Salamis & Plataea Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The Persian navy tried to attack the Athenian refugees at the Battle of Salamis but they were outmaneuvered by the smaller Athenian ships in the narrow strait and defeated. The Persian ships who survived were forced to retreat to Persia. The following spring the remainder of the Persian army in Greece was defeated in the Battle of Plataea. The surviving Persians left Greece for good.

Delian League The Greeks formed an alliance called the Delian League to fight off the Persians if they ever returned. Athens soon dominated the Delian League The Spartans did not like being dominated and went to war against the Athenians. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Peloponnesian War This fight is called the Peloponnesian War. The two sides fought off and on for about 70 years before Sparta finally defeated Athens. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Peloponnesian War Because the Greeks were too busy fighting each other they were vulnerable to attacks from the Macedonians to the north. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars King Phillip II of Macedonia was able to conquer Greece https://youtu.be/UZzyuw_lBTM

Quick Re-Cap Persian War Persians first encountered the Ionian Greeks in 6th century and took control Greeks revolted against Persians & King Darius 490 BCE Persians invade Greece, landing on plain of Marathon (26 miles from Athens) Persians were defeated Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Re-Cap: Peloponnesian War Following the defeat of Persia, Greece was divided into 2 factions Athens led the Delian League Sparta controlled the Peloponnesian League Athens had superior navy / Sparta had superior army Spartans sieged Athens on and off for 25 years Plague, destruction of Athenian fleet, and death of Pericles led to Athens defeat and the end of the Golden Age. Sparta and Athens had ignored the rising power of Macedonia. Students act out Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Group / Partner / Independent Activity Go to my teacher page and open the power point “Greece #2” Take notes as if I was lecturing. “Play” the powerpoint so you will get the full effect. Watch the videos. If you do not finish in class, it is homework.

In 338 B.C., King Philip II of Macedonia attacked & conquered the Greeks, but he died soon after Macedonians viewed themselves as Greeks & shared much of their culture; King Philip II hired Aristotle to tutor his son Alexander

King Alexander of Macedonia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdE-07GHnnc Alexander was only 20 years old when he became king of Macedonia: But he proved to be ambitious & a brilliant military strategist Once in power, Alexander began to expand his empire

The Empire of Alexander the Great Alexander began his conquest by crushing a Greek revolt in Thebes; He ordered the death of 6,000 people & sold everyone else into slavery; His brutality convinced other Greeks to not rebel Alexander set his sights on the Persian Empire & began his attack by conquering Egypt; Egyptians viewed Alexander as a liberator Video Library

The Empire of Alexander the Great In 331 B.C., Alexander attacked & defeated the mighty Persian army led by King Darius III Alexander destroyed the capital of Persepolis Alexander led his army to conquer India; After taking the Indus River Valley, Alexander’s troops begged him to return home after 11 years away from their homes while conquering the empire

The Empire of Alexander the Great By 323 B.C., Alexander had conquered a massive empire & began plans to govern & unify his kingdom, but he fell ill & died at the age of 32 By the spring of 323 B.C., Alexander and his army had reached Babylon. Restless as always, Alexander announced plans to organize and unify his empire. He would construct new cities, roads, and harbors and conquer Arabia. However, Alexander never carried out his plans. He became seriously ill with a fever and died a few days later. He was just 32 years old.

Alexander left behind an important legacy: He spread Hellenic (Greek) innovations & culture throughout his empire Hellenistic Culture – fusion of Greek culture with cultures of Middle East and India In each territory he conquered, Alexander left behind a Greek-styled city named Alexandria

Alexandria in Egypt was the most significant of these cities & best represented Hellenism (the spread & blending of Greek culture ) Alexandria became the center for Hellenistic culture & trade for the Mediterranean world Alexandria had a museum & library that preserved Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian cultures & attracted scholars for centuries

When Alexander died without an heir, his empire was divided among his top 3 generals Alexander's empire -largest of classical era, but short-lived (13 years) & was never unified or governed

Alexander the Great - He was a military genius & well educated His interest in Greek history & culture as well as Persian, Egyptian, & Indian ideas led to Hellenism, that shaped future civilizations But, his empire did not last long enough to compete with future empires, such as those ruled by Rome and the Mongols Horrible Histories Alexander The Great Song - YouTube Macedonia ("My Sharona" by the Knack) - YouTube

Alexander the Great and the Situation. the Great Alexander the Great and the Situation ... the Great? Crash Course World History #8 – YouTube Alexander the Great (Part 1) - YouTube WATCH THIS VIDEO ^^^