1. Macedonian Greece

2. Results of the Peloponnesian War
1. City-states declined in population
2. Fighting destroyed many cities and farms
3. Unemployment was widespread
4. Greeks began to lose faith in democracy
5. Spartans couldn’t control all of Greece
Enter the…
Macedonians

3. Macedonia Scandal?!? -King Philip
-By 338 B.C.E. Philip conquers all of Greece
-Murdered 336 BC
Scandal?!?

4. Alexander the Great!! PERSIA
BCE
20 yrs old
Student to Aristotle
Motivated by:
Death of father
Greek culture
gods
Illiad -Achilles (hero)
When trying to unite people it is good to have a common enemy.
Who was all of Greece’s common enemy?
PERSIA

5. Established city of Alexandria
Captures ports along Mediterranean
Next stop: Egypt - unhappy with Persian rule
- declared Alexander a pharaoh or god
Established city of Alexandria

6. - 332 invaded Babylon and beat Persian army at Gaugamela near the Tigris river. Capture Persepolis and declares himself emperor of Persia
-327 crosses the Indus river & defeats Indian army (which includes elephants) & claims the Indus River Valley for his empire

7. At this point, it was 323 B.C.E; Alexander had conquered a massive empire, one of the largest in history
By the spring of 323 B.C., Alexander and his army had reached Babylon. Restless as always, Alexander announced plans to organize and unify his empire. He would construct new cities, roads, and harbors and conquer Arabia. However, Alexander never carried out his plans. He became seriously ill with a fever and died a few days later. He was just 32 years old.

9. Behind Alexander’s army was a flood of merchants, artists and other Greeks who spread Greek culture throughout these new lands

10. 323 BC…Alexander became ill with fever &
Alex wishes to continue East, but soldiers are tired from marching 11,000 miles in 11 years. Returns to Babylon to begin the process of unifying his kingdom
323 BC…Alexander became ill with fever &
died 11 days later at the age of 32
His empire was divided amongst his 3 strongest generals ….

11. Antilogous becomes king of Macedonia and Greece
Seleucids takes over the
remains of the Persian Empire
Ptolemy takes over the
Pharaoh position in Egypt

12. Hellenistic
Culture
The mixture of Persian, Egyptian and Greek cultures.
Everyone in the Alexandrian empire spoke and read the same language: koine, a colloquial Greek.
Government: lived in impersonal empires governed by an emperor & professional bureaucrats no longer participating in democracy

13. Hellenistic Culture Continued work of 3 Greek philosophers STOICISM
Hellenistic Philosophers: focused on personal behaviors
especially question of how to achieve peace of mind
Zeno - Believed that what happened to
people was governed by natural (law)
reasoning. Everyone had a spark to be able
to live a good & noble life…
STOICISM
Diogenes - Believed that if people gave up materialism
and lived simply with nature they’d be happy
Continued work of 3 Greek philosophers

14. Hellenistic Art
Showed individual people with powerful emotions; not gods

15. Art showed people in the grips of powerful emotions
Wrote comedies rather than tragedies and ignored the
problems of the outside world.
Art showed people in the grips of powerful emotions

16. What makes a person great?