Confined Spaces SUBPART C

The Need for OSHA Confined Space Regulations Following this class, you will be able to: Define confined spaces Identify examples of confined spaces Identify various reasons for entering confined spaces as a sheet metal worker Identify the characteristics of permit-required confined spaces Identify hazards of confined spaces

What is a confined space? A "confined or enclosed space" means any space having a limited means of egress, which is subject to the accumulation of toxic or flammable contaminants or has an oxygen deficient or enriched atmosphere.

What are the characteristics of confined spaces? Limited or restricted means of entry or exit Large enough for an employee to enter and perform assigned work Not designed for continuous occupancy by the employee

Examples of Confined Spaces Boilers Sewers Tunnels Manholes Tank Cars Diked Areas Storage Bins Vaults Wells Pumping Stations Water Meter Chambers Open Top Spaces More than 4 Feet Deep

Why would I, a sheet metal worker, need to enter a confined space? Repair Installation Inspections Maintenance Cleanup

What Are Other Confined Space Hazards? These hazards can keep you from escaping. space narrows corrosive chemicals noise electricity poor lighting extreme heat or cold falling objects falls mechanical hazards

What Are the Hazards of Confined Spaces? A hazard in a confined space can be grouped into the following categories: Other (10%) Engulfment in Loose Materials (34%) Atmospheric Hazards (56%) Confined Space Deaths About 36% of confined space deaths are would-be rescuers.

Pockets of air below the surface of a flowable solid can give way. What Is Engulfment? Engulfment can happen when there is a liquid or a ‘flowable’ solid in a confined space. Pockets of air below the surface of a flowable solid can give way.

Possible Engulfment Hazards Are: Water Grain, Starch powder, Ore, Coal, Sawdust, or Wood chips

What Are Atmospheric Hazards? They suffocate you, poison you, or cause an explosion. Confined space hazards that may already exist. : no air movement harmful build-ups of gases, vapors, or dusts ordinary products which become deadly lack of or too much oxygen Oxygen enrichment happens when oxygen is added to space. Lack of oxygen happens when oxygen is consumed or displaced. Atmospheric hazards in confined spaces are very serious.

Atmospheric hazards may be: CAUSED BY: Products Work performed Adjacent areas

Atmospheric hazards may be: Flammable Oxygen-enriched air Dust particles Flammable gas or vapor

Atmospheric Hazard? Oxygen Deficient Oxygen Enrichment Atmospheric hazards may be: Oxygen Deficient Consumption Displacement Oxygen Enrichment Normal oxygen 19.5% - 23.5%

Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere % of Oxygen Effects 19.5% Minimum acceptable oxygen level 15-19% Decreased ability to work strenuously, coordination impaired 12-14% Respiration increases, poor judgment 10-12% Respiration increases, lips turn blue 8-10% Mental failure, fainting, nausea 6-8% 4-5 minutes – possible recovery 6 minutes – 50% fatal 8 minutes - fatal 4-6% Coma in 40 seconds then death

Atmospheric Hazard? Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition of materials. Human waste. Rotten egg odor at low concentrations. Possibly no warning at high concentrations. PPM Effect Time 10 ppm Permissible Exposure Level 8 Hours 50 - 100 Mild Irritation - eyes, throat 1 Hour 200 - 300 Significant Irritation 1 Hour 500 -700 Unconsciousness, Death >1 Hour >1000 Unconsciousness, Death Minutes

Atmospheric Hazard? CARBON MONOXIDE PPM Effect Time Odorless, Colorless Gas Combustion By-Product Nausea and headache Irritation PPM Effect Time 50 Permissible Exposure Level 8 Hours 200 Slight headache, discomfort 3 Hours 600 Headache, discomfort 1 Hour 1000-2000 Confusion, nausea, headache 2 Hours 1000-2000 Tendency to stagger 1 1/2 Hours 1000-2000 Slight heart palpitation 30 Min. 2000-2500 Unconsciousness 30 Min.

Confined Space Video

Test the Atmosphere In this order: Check for Oxygen Content: At least 19.5% and less than 23.5% Check for Combustibles: Less than 10% of the LEL Check for Toxic Gasses: Most commonly carbon monoxide (PEL <35 ppm) or any other hazardous materials as determined by the use of the space.

THERE ARE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS! NOTICE: Any time a limit is exceeded, no matter what the reason, all personnel shall immediately exit the space, and no others shall enter until atmospheric conditions are returned to safe levels. THERE ARE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS!

Atmosphere Testing Shall Be Performed: Prior to every entry when the space is vacant; After a 10 minute ventilation period (if ventilation is necessary); At least hourly for permit-required confined spaces. More frequently, if conditions or suspicions warrant.

Test the Atmosphere Always test the air at various levels Good Air Poor Air Deadly Air Always test the air at various levels to be sure that the entire space is safe. Good air near the opening does NOT mean there is good air at the bottom!

Ventilate the Space Use mechanical ventilation Fans Air horns Ventilate at the rate of at least four (4) volumes per hour Larger spaces require more ventilation Make sure air supply is not contaminated Ventilation air supply must be from fresh air uncontaminated with flammables, toxins, etc.

Construction and General Industry Standards OSHA has separate standards for each. General Industry – 1910 (requires written program and entry permit) routine maintenance relining a furnace tuck pointing in a manhole relining a sewer repainting Construction - 1926 reconfiguring space installing new equipment MNOSHA Chapter 182 5207.0300 new construction installing new equipment

Types of Work Performed under the General Standard Repairing HVAC work Repairing dust collection systems Replacing filters in a plenum Inspecting filters in a clean room environment Cutting in a cyclone Replacing louvers in a drying oven

How Does OSHA Regulate Confined Spaces? OSHA has these construction standards. 1926.21(b)(6)(1) 1926.21(b)(6)(ii) 1926.352(g) 1926.353(b)(1) 1926.353(b)(2) Requires training for employees who enter confined or enclosed spaces; requires the employer to protect employees from recognized hazards in confined spaces. Defines the confined and enclosed places which require training. Fire prevention measures associated with use of fuel gas and oxygen in confined spaces. Requirement for exhaust ventilation when welding, cutting, or heating in confined spaces. Requires airline respirators and a standby person whenever access is blocked by ventilation equipment. *** OSHA General Duty Clause requires an employer to provide a safe and healthful workplace free from recognized hazards.

How Does OSHA Regulate Confined Spaces? MNOSHA has these construction standards. CLASS IA A work entry permit is required for all entry into any confined space. And attendants are required for Class II & II confined spaces. Spaces where no risk of engulfment can exist, and where the atmosphere cannot develop a dangerous air contaminant or oxygen deficiency or enrichment and all known hazardous sources are positively controlled. Fire prevention measures associated with use of fuel gas and oxygen in confined spaces. Spaces that are unlikely to develop a dangerous air contaminant, oxygen deficiency, or oxygen enrichment and have no potential for an engulfment condition. Spaces where an atmosphere free of dangerous air contamination, oxygen deficiency or oxygen enrichment has been verified. Chapter 182 5207.300 CLASS IB CLASS II CLASS III Spaces where an atmosphere free of dangerous air contamination, oxygen deficiency or enrichment cannot be verified.

Who Is Responsible for Safe Work? OSHA has two specific requirements. SITUATION Construction Site (New Construction) Existing Site (Modify Space) Construction Contractor Must comply with Construction Standards and with General Duty Clause Host Employer (Owner Company) Must inform contractor of hazards, precautions Must answer contractor’s questions Must discuss entry with contractor May require use of company entry program Contractor must train you in Host program Contractor responsible for safety RESPONSIBLE PARTY

75% of those killed had no training or only on-the-job training. What Is Required on the Job? Your must be trained before you do confined space work. No Training (34%) Confined Space Training (6%) On-the-Job Safety Training (41%) Classroom Safety Training (19%) Confined Space Deaths 75% of those killed had no training or only on-the-job training.

You will only receive training in entry and attendant When Is Training Required You need to be trained before entering a Confined Space You can be trained to four general levels: Entrant Attendant Entry supervisor Rescue team You will only receive training in entry and attendant

You must be trained before you do confined space work. What Is the Authorized Entrant? You must be trained before you do confined space work. AUTHORIZED ENTRANT Know the hazards you may face during entry, including symptoms, signs, and consequences of exposure. Properly use all required personal protective equipment. Communicate with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to monitor your status and alert entrants of any need to evacuate. Alert the attendant whenever you detect any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation or a prohibited condition. Exit from the space as quickly as possible when the attendant tells you to do so, when you recognize any warning sign, when you detect a prohibited condition, or when you hear the evacuation alarm.

You are an Entrant into a Confined Space You are in a drying oven replacing the louvers. You have almost completed your task but you start to feel nauseous. In just a few minutes your job will be done and you can go home. What do you do? A.     Finish the job B.     Finish the job quickly C.     Let the attendant know

You are an Entrant into a Confined Space You are in a drying oven replacing the louvers. You have almost completed your task but you start to feel nauseous. In just a few minutes your job will be done and you can go home. What do you do? A.     Finish the job B.     Finish the job quickly C.     Let the attendant know

You must be trained before you do confined space work. What Is the Attendant? You must be trained before you do confined space work. ATTENDANT Know hazards that may be faced during entry. Know possible behavioral effects of the hazards. Continuously maintain accurate count of entrants. Remain outside space during entry operations until relieved. Communicate with entrants to monitor their status and alert them of need to evacuate. Monitor activities inside and outside of space. Summon rescue and emergency services when necessary. Warn unauthorized persons to stay away. Perform non-entry rescues per employer’s procedure. Perform no duties that interfere with your primary duty to monitor entrants.

You are an Attendant of a Confined Space You are the attendant at a permit-required confined space. You look down into the confined space and notice that your buddy is down. What do you do? A.  Go get him Call for emergency services Wait for direction

You are an Attendant of a Confined Space You are the attendant at a permit-required confined space. You look down into the confined space and notice that your buddy is down. What do you do? A.  Go get him Call for emergency services Wait for direction

What Is the Entry Supervisor? The entry supervisor has overall responsibility for the entry. ENTRY SUPERVISOR Know hazards that may be faced during entry. Verify that acceptable conditions for entry exist. Terminate entry when prohibited condition arises. Verify that rescue services are available. Remove unauthorized persons who enter or attempt to enter during the entry operations. Determine that acceptable entry conditions are maintained.

You are an Entry Supervisor of a Confoined Space You are the entry supervisor at a permit required confined space. Some painters from a local painting company stop by and ask if they can begin work within the confined space. What do you do? A.  Tell them to go ahead and start their work. Ask if they have been authorized to work in the confined space. Tell them to go ahead and set up for work while you check on their authorization.

You are an Entry Supervisor of a Confoined Space You are the entry supervisor at a permit required confined space. Some painters from a local painting company stop by and ask if they can begin work within the confined space. What do you do? A.  Tell them to go ahead and start their work. Ask if they have been authorized to work in the confined space. Tell them to go ahead and set up for work while you check on their authorization.

What Is the Rescue Team? RESCUE TEAM Properly trained in procedures and PPE use. Practiced rescues at least annually from similar space. Trained in basic first aid and CPR, one currently certified. Use retrieval equipment, if it does not increase hazard. Your contractor may choose to use offsite rescue team. For example, the local fire department but they must be properly trained and equipped.

Permit-required confined space: Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant Has an internal configuration that may cause an entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a small cross section and/or Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards

What Is an Entry Permit? An entry permit is a kind of license that allows a confined space entry to happen.

Entry Permit Part 1

Entry Permit Part 2

Employer and Entry Supervisor’s Permit Posting Permit time limits Permit termination or cancellation Canceled entry permits

PERMISSABLE ENTRY LEVEL Are these gas levels safe for entry? TEST(S) TO BE TAKEN PERMISSABLE ENTRY LEVEL DATE & TIME 7/3/01 7:35 A.M. 7/5/01 9:12 A.M. Percent of Oxygen 19.5% to 23.5% 20% 22% Lower Explosive Limit Under 10% 11% 8% Carbon Monoxide Less than 50 PPM 35 PPM Hydrogen Sulfide 10 PPM -15 PPM 13 PPM 10 PPM

QUESTIONS ???????????