1. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Confined Spaces 29 CFR
                                          
Cummins Southern Plains, Ltd.

2. Confined Space Training
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Confined Space Training
Definitions
Confined Space Program
Confined Space Permit System
Atmospheric Testing
Duties
Authorized Entrant
Attendant
Entry Supervisor

3. Confined Space Defined
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Confined Space Defined
Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; AND
Has limited or restricted means for entry and exit; AND
Is not designated for continuous employee occupancy.

4. Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)
Confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:
1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;
2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;
3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by sloped/tapered floors; Or
4. Contains any other serious “recognized” hazard

5. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Trash compactor in Arlington.

6. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Hazardous Atmosphere
An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability for self-rescue (unaided), injury or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:
1. Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of its LFL;
2. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL;
3. Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%;
4. Atmospheric concentration of any substance in Sub Parts G or Z which exceeds the PELs.
5. Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health

7. Non-Permit Confined Space
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Non-Permit Confined Space
A confined space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

8. Potential Permit-Required Confined Spaces
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Potential Permit-Required Confined Spaces
Cooling Water Tank – Dynamometer
Engulfment
Trash Compactor – Arlington
Inwardly Converging Walls

9. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Water vault in dyno

10. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Confined Space Entry….
Entry: The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space; Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

11. Confined Space Program
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Confined Space Program
Written program.
Responsibility, Accountability & Duties: Outline for each major position; provide training
CS Inventory: List both Permit Required Confined Spaces (PRCS) and Confined Spaces (CS); list hazards for each; Note any changes in use or procedures that would re-classify space
Unauthorized Entry Prevention: All employees aware of CS locations; use signs, training and/or LOTO. Prohibit entry!!!
Permit System: Spells out the permit content; must describe methods to be used to issue, post, cancel and audit permits, and to return spaces back to service.

12. Confined Space Program
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Confined Space Program
Attendants: Provide at least one attendant outside the PRCS for the duration of each entry.
- Specify duties & general qualifications
- Multiple spaces?
Entry Preparation: Outline the equipment and methods to be used to identify and evaluate hazards. Confirm that conditions are safe to enter and will remain so for the duration of the entry.
** Entry Permit verifies these steps for the proposed entry
Rescue

13. Confined Space Permit System
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
CONFINED
SPACE
PERMIT
Confined Space Permit System
Space & purpose of entry
Date & entry duration
Authorized entrants
Attendants
Entry Supervisor
Hazards of the PRCS
Acceptable entry conditions
Results of initial & periodic tests
Rescue & emergency services
Communication procedures
Equipment to be used
Any other safety info
Other permits

14. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Atmospheric Testing
Evaluation Testing: CS analyzed using equipment of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify any hazardous atmosphere that may exist or arise.
- develop permit entry procedures by results
- conducted/reviewed by technically qualified professional

15. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Atmospheric Testing
Verification Testing: “Periodic” testing for residues of all contaminants identified by evaluation testing.
- permit specified equipment
- ensure concentrations within acceptable ranges of permit entry conditions
- record results on permit
- testing stratified atmospheres
- order of testing (Oxygen, LEL, CO, H2S)

16. Typical Hazardous Contaminants
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Typical Hazardous Contaminants
CH4 (METHANE) = LIGHTER THAN AIR
CO (CARBON MONOXIDE) = SAME AS AIR
H2S (HYDROGEN SULFIDE) = HEAVIER

17. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Sampling Strategy
Sample Bottom, Center and Top of Space

18. Multi-Gas Instruments
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Multi-Gas Instruments
OXYGEN - MIN 19.5% , MAX 23.5%
CO - ALARM = 35PPM
COMBUSTIBLE - ALARM = 10% LEL
H2S - ALARM =10 PPM

19. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Oxygen (O2)
20.9% = NORMAL
15% - 19% = DECREASED ABILITY AT STRENUOUS WORK AND BREATHING DIFFICULTIES, PEOPLE W/ CORONARY, PULMONARY, OR CIRCULATION DIFFICULTIES.
10% - 12% = RESPIRATION RATE INCREASES, LOSS OF JUDGEMENT, LIPS TURN BLUE
8% - 10% = MENTAL FAILURE, ASHEN COMPLEXION, NAUSEA.
6% - 8% = FATAL AT 8 MINUTES , 50% FATAL AT 6 MINUTES, TREATMENT REQUIRED FOR RECOVERY AT 4 TO 5 MINUTES
4% - 6% = COMA WITHIN 40 SECONDS, CONVULSIONS, CEASED RESPIRATION, FOLLOWED BY DEATH

20. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
35 PPM = ALARM LEVEL - PERMISSIBLE OVER 8 HOURS
200 PPM = SLIGHT HEADACHE AFTER 3 HOURS
600 PPM = SEVERE HEADACHE, 1 HOUR
2000 PPM = CONFUSION, HEADACHE, 2 HRS
2500 PPM = ALL OF THE ABOVE WITH PALPITATION OF THE HEART AND 30 MINUTES
4000 PPM = DEATH UNDER 1 HOUR !!

21. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
10 PPM = ALARM LEVEL, PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT
15 PPM = SHORT TERM EXPOSURE 15 MINUTES
PPM = MILD EYE IRRITATION, LOSS OF SENSE OF SMELL, MILD RESPIRATORY 1 HOUR
PPM = PRONOUNCED EYE IRRITATION, MARKED RESPIRATORY IRRITATION.
PPM = UNCONCIOUSNESS LEADING TO DEATH WITHIN 1 HOUR
+1000 PPM = DEATH WITHIN MINUTES !!

22. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

23. Forced Air Ventilation
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Forced Air Ventilation
No hazardous atmosphere allowed when employee inside a PRCS.
Forced air ventilation used to control any hazardous atmosphere.
Air directed to ventilate immediate areas where employees located; continuous.
Air supply from clean source
“Periodic testing”

24. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Purge vs. Ventilate

25. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Purge Guidelines
= 7 COMPLETE AIR EXCHANGES
KNOW YOUR SPACE (VOLUME)
KNOW YOU BLOWER CAPACITY
VOLUME / CAPACITY X 7 =
# MINUTES PURGE TIME

26. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Purge Time Example
VOLUME= 10’ X 8’ X 6’ HIGH FOR A TOTAL OF 480 CUBIC FT
CAPACITY = 640 CFM WITH 1 X 90 DEGREE BEND.
VOLUME / CAPACITY X 7 =
480 / 640 X 7 = 5.25 MINUTES

27. Authorized Entrant’s Duties
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Authorized Entrant’s Duties
Know space hazards, mode of exposure, symptoms of overexposure and consequences of exposure
Use appropriate personal protective equipment properly
As necessary, maintain communication with attendants
Exit from permit space as soon as possible when ordered by an authorized person, when the entrant recognizes the warning symptoms of exposure exist, when a prohibited condition exists, or when an automatic alarm is activated
Alert the attendant when a prohibited condition exists or when warning symptoms of exposure exist.

28. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Attendant’s Duties
Remain outside permit space during entry operations unless relieved by another authorized attendant
Perform no-entry rescues when specified by procedure
Know existing and potential hazards
Maintain communication and keep accurate account of those workers entering the permit-required space
Order evacuation of the permit space when a prohibited condition exists, a worker shows signs of hazardous exposure, an emergency outside the confined space exists, and when the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform required duties

29. Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Attendant’s Duties
Summon rescue and other services during an emergency.
Ensure that unauthorized persons stay out of permit space and inform entrants and supervisor of entry by unauthorized persons
Perform no other duties that interfere with the attendant’s primary duties

30. Entry Supervisor’s Duties
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Entry Supervisor’s Duties
Know space hazards, mode of exposure, symptoms of overexposure and consequences of exposure
Verify emergency plans and specified entry conditions
Terminate entry and cancel permits when entry operations are completed or if a new condition exists
Take appropriate measures to remove unauthorized entrants
Ensure that entry operations remain consistent with the entry permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained

31. Confined Space Decision Tree
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Confined Space Decision Tree

32. Confined Space Training
Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces
Confined Space Training
Any Questions??