Novel approaches in skin tissue engineering : a review

Parinaz Abdollahiyan* Nanomaterials department, Maragheh university, Maragheh, Iran

Skin tissue engineering

Current approaches limits: lack of hair follicles sweat glands flexibility mechanical properties

Scaffolds properties: flexibility to gain a native-like skin tissue biocompatibility for low immune responses biodegradability hydrophil to maintain wounds moistures

Scaffolds forms: 3D plate microsphere Fibrous

Nanostructured scaffolds:

Skin Growth Factors: Plated-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimuli Growth Factor (GMCSGF) Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF) Transforming Growth Factors (TGF) Endothelial Growth Factor (EGF)

Natural scaffolds

Collagen:

Gelatin

Dual-loaded gelatin microsphere:

Fibronectin: Fibronectin, isolated of blood plasma, could be as a nature scaffold for skin tissue engineering due to their special characteristics in mechanical properties, tissue-like content water and high biocompatibility. they have rapid degradation in vivo. fibrin gel shrinkage is another limit which could solve by crosslinking with other artificial materials.

Chitosan: ability in blood coagulation enhanced solubility

Gelatin/chitosan scaffolds: low toxicity Simple gelation with divalent cations and biocompatibility properties

Chitosan/ PVA reinforced by graphene Antibacterial properties Better elastic module

Chitosan/GO Can hold water for the hydrophil nature of graphene oxide Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties

Keratin Hydrophil antibacterial properties Reinforced by Ag nanoparticles enhance proliferation and differentiation keratinocyte enhance proliferation and differentiation fibroblast increase cells proliferation rate

Microspheres with cavity surface to enhance cells proliferation and differentiation

SEM image of nanofibrous electrospun collagen/poly (L-lactic acid)–co-poly (3 caprolactone) (Coll/PLLCL)

Conclusion: Deep skin tissue injuries such as diabetic or hard burn wounds couldn’t treat with biological body interaction. Current methods are available for these kinds which limit by adverse effects and risks many times. Tissue engineering is a novel treatment approach based on three principals has some disadvantages regulated to the types of each basical case among scaffolds, cells and growth factors. Nano technology also use for resolve these advantages by applies modifications in situ and cause to better cell adhesion and consequent better repair results. Cells will culture on the scaffolds and related growth or antibiotic agents encapsulate in its pores to reach to a controlled release.

Thank you