Practical Applications of Biotechnology

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Presentation transcript:

Practical Applications of Biotechnology Bioprocessing technology Uses whole living cells or components of them to manufacture desired products. Most common whole cells used are yeast and bacteria (one- celled organisms). Most common components are enzymes (proteins that catalyze chemical reactions). Cells isolated from animals and plants also are used to produce desired products.

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 2. Genetic engineering The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains. More specifically is known as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. The product of rDNA technology is known as a genetically modified organism, or GMO. Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E.coli → bacteria that make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical).

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — better crops, improved animal health 2. Medical and health care applications — new tests, vaccines, medicines 3. Chemical and environmental applications — better manufacturing processes and consumer products

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — crops and forest Improve crop yields by introducing genes that confer resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to environmental stresses (drought, heat, cold). Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet demand for wood products.

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — improve animal health Better detection of disease More nutritious feed New and more effective vaccines Improved treatments for diseases

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 2. Medical and Health Care Applications New diagnostic tests Example: quick test for strep throat MANY new treatments for diseases and conditions Examples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, leukemia and other cancers; hepatitis; rheumatoid arthritis; growth deficiencies; transplant rejection

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 3. Chemical and Environmental Applications (Industrial Biotechnology) Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents. Use genetically modified microorganisms that break down industrial waste. Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics. Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products.