1. Genetically Modified Organisms Recombinant DNA

2. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

3. Why can Scientists make Recombinant organisms? DNA in ALL animals, plants, bacteria is chemically the SAME!!! DNA in ALL animals, plants, bacteria is chemically the SAME!!! Because of this, our genes (or plant genes) can be put into bacteria- this is called Recombinant DNA! Because of this, our genes (or plant genes) can be put into bacteria- this is called Recombinant DNA! When our genes are put into the bacteria, the bacteria can “read” our genes and make the corresponding protein! When our genes are put into the bacteria, the bacteria can “read” our genes and make the corresponding protein!

4. Genetically modified organisms are used in many foods… Genetically modified organisms are used in many foods… CORN Coca Cola (contains corn syrup) Margarine (corn oil, canola oil) Fritos Kraft Salad Dressings McDonalds French Fries Nestle Crunch Nutra-sweet CORN Coca Cola (contains corn syrup) Margarine (corn oil, canola oil) Fritos Kraft Salad Dressings McDonalds French Fries Nestle Crunch Nutra-sweet

5. More GMOs are being tested… Barley Broccoli Carrots Grapes Peppers Raspberries Strawberries Sugar Cane Watermelon Wheat Barley Broccoli Carrots Grapes Peppers Raspberries Strawberries Sugar Cane Watermelon Wheat

6. Why are GMOs being created? Genes are modified or added to plants… To make them more resistant to insect pests, weed killers, frost and drought. To make them more resistant to insect pests, weed killers, frost and drought. Increase the nutrients in a crop or reduce the amount of fertilizer needed. Increase the nutrients in a crop or reduce the amount of fertilizer needed. Corn has been modified so that it produces vaccines for farm animals… Corn has been modified so that it produces vaccines for farm animals…

7. Medical Uses for GMOs Research involving GMOs has produced… Insulin for diabetes treatment Insulin for diabetes treatment Treatment for certain cancers Treatment for certain cancers New vaccines New vaccines Treatments for genetic disorders such as hemophilia Treatments for genetic disorders such as hemophilia

8. Transgenic Organisms GMO that has DNA/genes transferred from another species. GMO that has DNA/genes transferred from another species. For example: For example: Bacteria with human genes Bacteria with human genes Corn with bacterial genes Corn with bacterial genes Tomatoes with fish genes Tomatoes with fish genes

9. How are GMOs created? 1. Enzymes are used to cut DNA and plasmid into fragments (Restriction Enzymes) 2. DNA Fragments are combined to form new plasmids which are inserted into bacteria. 3. Bacteria reproduce FAST and make many copies of the recombinant plasmid. 4. Bacteria with recombinant plasmids may express newly added foreign genes…

12. Fish with bacterial genes…

13. Are there any risks? What do you think? What do you think? We will examine the potential benefits and risks of GMOs over the next few lessons. We will examine the potential benefits and risks of GMOs over the next few lessons.