Examination of the patient with lateral knee pain (a) Active movements—repeated flexion from 0°–30°. This may reproduce the patient’s pain if ITBFS is.

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Examination of the patient with lateral knee pain (a) Active movements—repeated flexion from 0°–30°. This may reproduce the patient’s pain if ITBFS is the case. It can be performed in a side-lying position (illustrated), standing or squatting (b) Passive movements—tibial rotation. This is performed in knee flexion to assess superior tibiofibular joint movement (c) Passive movements—accessory anteroposterior glide to superior tibiofibular joint (d) Passive movement—ITB stretch. This is performed in a side-lying position with the hip in neutral rotation and knee flexion. The hip is extended and then adducted. If the ITB is tight, knee extension will occur with adduction (Ober’s test) (e) Resisted movement—knee flexion. Concentric or eccentric contractions may reproduce the pain of biceps femoris tendinopathy (f) Palpation—lateral femoral epicondyle (g) Special test—knee effusion. Manually drain the medial subpatellar pouch by stroking the fluid in a superior direction. (1) Then ‘milk’ the fluid back into the knee from above (2) while observing the pouch for reaccumulating fluid (h) Special tests—McMurray’s test. The knee is flexed and, at various stages of flexion, internal and external rotation of the tibia are performed (arrow). The presence of pain and a palpable ‘clunk’ are a positive McMurray’s test and are consistent with meniscal injury. If there is no ‘clunk’ but the patient’s pain is reproduced, then the meniscus may be damaged or there may be patellofemoral joint abnormality (i) Special tests—slump test (j) Special tests—biomechanical assessment Full lower limb biomechanical assessment should be performed while standing, walking and lying. Abnormal pelvic movements (e.g. excessive lateral tilt) should be noted Source: Lateral, medial and posterior knee pain, Brukner & Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine: Injuries, Volume 1, 5e Citation: Brukner P, Clarsen B, Cook J, Cools A, Crossley K, Hutchinson M, McCrory P, Bahr R, Khan K. Brukner & Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine: Injuries, Volume 1, 5e; 2017 Available at: https://csm.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/1970/bru61384_3702_new.png&sec=168695439&BookID=1970&ChapterSecID=168695419&imagename= Accessed: October 12, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved