1. Examination of the anterior knee (a) Observation—standing
Examination of the anterior knee (a) Observation—standing. Observe the patient from the front to examine lower limb alignment including femoral torsion, patellar alignment and any signs of muscle wasting (b) Observation—supine. Observe for lower limb alignment, effusion, position of the patella, and any evidence of patella tilt or rotation (c) Functional test—double/single-leg squat If the patient’s pain has not already been reproduced, functional tests such as squat, lunge, hop, step-up, step-down or eccentric drop squat should be performed (d) Functional test—single-leg squat on decline board (e) Palpation—patella, and medial and lateral facets are palpated for tenderness (f) Patellofemoral joint assessment—mobility of the patella—medial glide
Source: Anterior knee pain, Brukner & Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine: Injuries, Volume 1, 5e
Citation: Brukner P, Clarsen B, Cook J, Cools A, Crossley K, Hutchinson M, McCrory P, Bahr R, Khan K. Brukner & Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine: Injuries, Volume 1, 5e; 2017 Available at: Accessed: October 10, 2017
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