Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Matter Anything that takes up space Anything that has mass Everything in the universe is some form of matter Mass is constant; never changes Measured using a balance Expressed in grams, kilograms, or milligrams

Musical chairs….. Explains physics

Volume The amount of space an object occupies 2 objects cannot share the same space at the same time Liquid volume expressed as milliliters or liters Measure the volume of a liquid in a cylinder, you read the meniscus. Solid volume is expressed as cubic centimeters Length x width x height

Mass vs. Weight Weight is the measure of gravitational force exerted on an object. Weight changes due to location in the universe Measure weight using a spring scale Weight is expressed in newtons 1Kg force = 9.80665 Newtons (P.S: Kilogram is a unit of 'Mass', & Newton is a unit of 'Force'.) In simple words, to displace a mass of '1 kg' with an acceleration of 1 m/sec2, We need 1 Newton of Force

On earth, mass and weight remain constant so people use the words as if they mean the same thing. “WEIGHT depends on MASS- They are NOT the same thing”

Inertia The tendency of an object to resist change in motion Mass directly relates to inertia; the more massive the object, the more inertia it has/needs to move

Physical Properties Identifiers of an object that can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity. Example: thermal conductivity; state; density; solubility; ductility; malleability; volume; mass; size; color… PHYSICAL CHANGES DO NOT FORM NEW SUBSTANCES!

Density Mass divided by volume Units: Density of water is 1 Solid : g/cm3 Liquid: g/ml Density of water is 1 Anything over 1 will sink Anything under 1 will float

States of Matter

There is a 4th state of matter called PLASMA There is a 4th state of matter called PLASMA. Intense heat is needed to “excite” the atoms to produce this state. video of plasma

Chemical Properties Describes matter based on its ability to change into new matter that has different properties. Examples: flammability; reactivity

Chemical Change One or more substances are changed into new substances that have new and different properties NOT THE SAME AS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Chemical properties describe which changes will occur and which will not occur. Chemical changes is the process of the transformation.