Expansion in Texas American Colonists in Mexican Texas The Alamo Battle of San Jacinto Republic of Texas Statehood in 1845

Mexico Gained independence from Spain in 1821 Encouraged Americans to settle the under-populated territory of Texas Low Tejano population Tejano (Mexican and Spanish ancestry) Native American threat: Comanche and Apache Land offered at 10 cents/acre ($1.25 in U.S.)

Mexico - 1821

Americans Welcome Moses Austin and other empresarios organized the settlement 1822-1830 “G.T.T.” – Gone to Texas Moses’ son, Stephen Austin helped lead roughly 300 families to Texas Land grants Mexican government’s guidelines: 1) Adopt Roman Catholicism 2) Obey Mexican law (no slaves)

Americans Unwelcome Mexico begins to feel threatened by the surge of American settlement in Texas and their blatant refusal to follow the guidelines In 1830 new laws are instituted: 1) No more Americans can immigrate to Mexico 2) Re-emphasize constitutional ban on slavery 3) Stephen Austin is arrested and jailed*

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Santa Anna becomes president Assumes dictatorial powers Americans in Texas rebel Texas Revolution begins (1833)

The Alamo

The Alamo Geography San Antonio, TX Battle First the Texans take control of the mission, then Santa Anna’s 4,000 man army marches into Texas Key Figures Santa Anna Davey Crocket James Bowie Colonel William B. Travis Outcome All 187 Texans are killed (women & children spared) “Remember the Alamo” will serve as the Texas battle cry

Dawn at the Alamo

Texas Revolution General Sam Houston will lead Texas to victory at the Battle of San Jacinto Santa Anna is captured and forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco, formally recognizing Texas’ independence from Mexico Sept. 1836 – Sam Houston became the first, last and only President of Texas – The Lone Star Republic

Texas Annexation 1838 – Houston requests annexation Presidents Van Buren, Harrison and Tyler were reluctant to incite a sectional conflict over slavery President Polk campaigns as an expansionist and welcomes Texas as the 28th state in 1845 Mexico responds to annexation by recalling its ambassador from Washington D.C.