INSTRUCTOR © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author. © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

To the Instructor The set of files here are designed to help you prepare lectures for your own course using the text Introduction to Petroleum Engineering, J.R. Fanchi and R.L. Christiansen (Wiley, 2017) File format is kept simple so that you can customize the files with relative ease using your own style. You will need to supplement the files to complete the presentation topics.

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author. © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

Outline Directional Drilling Technology Applications of Directional Drilling

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

Well Orientation Vertical Well Deviated Well Horizontal Well

Directional Drilling – KOP Kelly Bushing (KB) Elevation Elevation = Ground Level + distance from ground to KB Kick Off Point (KOP) Depth where well starts deviating from vertical

Directional Drilling – Dog Leg Dog Leg (DL) Wellbore deviation measured in angle from vertical per unit of depth e.g. degrees per 100 ft vertical axis = 0°

Directional Drilling – Landing Point Landing Point (LP) Point where wellbore changes from deviated to lateral Assume LP angle at target = 90° (vertical angle = 0°) Underbuilt Building less angle than needed to reach LP Overbuilt Building more angle than needed to reach LP Horizontal Overbuilt Underbuilt Target

Wellbore Trajectories: “J” and “S” Curves “J” curve Lake “S” curve KOP Target

Wellbore Trajectories “S” curve Horizontal from slant hole Slant hole Short radius Opposing Laterals Medium radius Stacked Laterals Side-tracking from vertical wells “J” curve Long radius Source: http://www.voiceforthewild.org/blm/pubs/DirectionalDrilling1.pdf

Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) Rotational speed of drillstring Smoothness of that rotation Type and severity of downhole vibration Downhole temperature Torque and Weight on Bit Measured near drill bit Mud flow volume Source: http://www.compass-mwd.com/

APPLICATIONS OF DIRECTIONAL DRILLING © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

Horizontal Drilling Horizontal Drilling Radius Considerations Short radius: 30’ – 60’ and > 20 ° /100’ build Medium: 300’ – 500’ and 8° – 20 ° /100’ build Long: > 500’ and < 8 ° /100’ build angle Considerations Shorter radius = shorter horizontal length Shorter radius = more stresses on pipe Short radius requires special tools

Sidetrack JPT, Sept. 2012, pg. 57 WB = Wellbore C = Completion

Extended Reach Drilling (ca. May 2011) Industry Worldwide ERD envelope, SPE 140318

Odoptu ERD Record (as of May 2012) Odoptu development 9 ERD wells drilled from shore to offshore field Well OP-11 set ERD record 12,345 m measured depth (MD) 1,784 m true vertical depth (TVD) Well specs 30-in conductor driven to approx 90 m depth Casings are 30-in, 18 5/8-in, and 13 5/8 in 9 5/8-in liner 8 1/2-in hole to TD 5 ½-in tubing to surface Ref. pg. 118-121, JPT summary of SPE 151046, May 2012

Fishbone Well Pochahontas, West Virginia Coal Gas Change in Gas Saturation after 2 years depletion Fishbone Production Well 20 x 20 Grid Low – Blue High – Red

Pad Drilling in Shale Plan View Well Pad Stimulated Region

QUESTIONS? © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

SUPPLEMENT © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.