Civil War Plans and Early Battles Chapter 11 Section 1

Objectives Contrast the resources and strategies of the North and South. Describe the outcomes and effects of the early battles of the Civil War. 2

Northern Advantages Population 22 Million, South 3.5 Million whites, 5.5 million slaves 85% of the nation’s industry. NY alone out-produced the entire south Southern slave system slowed industrial development

The north had 20,000 miles of railroad track while the south had 9,000 The north had the U.S. Navy, while the south had no Navy to start the war.

Southern Advantages They only had to play defense They had excellent military leadership

Southern Plan for Victory Capture Washington, D.C. Strike through the Shenandoah Valley Gain European support

Anaconda Plan Union plan for victory: 1: Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital. 2: Gain control of the Mississippi River 3: Institute a naval blockade of the south.

Lincoln’s War Strategy was initially to preserve the Union was aimed at keeping the four border states in the Union, even though they allowed slavery. He thought this was crucial to winning the war

The border states did not join the Confederacy The border states did not join the Confederacy. They stayed in the Union. 9

The East—Manassas and later Richmond, Virginia Early battles of the Civil War occurred in three areas of the North American continent. The East—Manassas and later Richmond, Virginia The Mississippi Valley—western Kentucky, Tennessee, and then Shiloh and the port of New Orleans The Southwest—New Mexico 10

First Battle of Bull Run Lincoln ordered his troops to march on the Confederate capital of Richmond They were met by Confederate troops at Manassas Junction about 30 miles from D.C.

The Confederates held the high ground and won Bull Run convinced people the war was not going to be a quick and easy affair Both sides began to train and prepare more seriously

The Battle of Shiloh General Grant defeated the Confederates at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, giving the North control over Tennessee and Kentucky

Grant was marching towards Mississippi when he met up with Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard

Grant was surprised by the attack and his troops were forced back The Union were able to regroup the next day and their counterattack was able to defeat the southerners

New Orleans Union control of the Mississippi River depended on taking New Orleans Admiral David Farragut attacked and took the city The loss of its largest and most profitable city was a blow to southern morale