Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons J/y Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Physics at the High Energy Antiproton Storage Ring @ GSI Klaus Peters Ruhr-University Bochum Charm Workshop Trento, June 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Overview The GSI Future Project The Antiproton Facility (HESR) The Physics Program Charmonium spectroscopy Charmed hybrids and glueballs Interaction of charmed particles with nuclei Strange baryons in nuclear fields Further options Detector Concept(s) Conclusions Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons GSI Future Project Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons The GSI Future Project Nuclear Structure Physics Nuclear Matter Physics Plasma Physics Atomic Physics Physics with Antiprotons Nuclear Structure Physics Nuclear Matter Physics Plasma Physics Atomic Physics Physics with Antiprotons Confinement Origin of Mass Effective Degrees of freedom Toolkit: Charm-Physics Research with Antiprotons Hadron Spectroscopy and Hadronic Matter From Fundamentals to Applications QED, Strong Fields, Ion-Matter Interactions Ion and Laser Induced Plasmas High Energy Density in Matter Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Compressed Baryonic Matter Research with Rare Isotope beams Nuclei far from Stability Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Fundamental Aspects of QCD QCD is confirmed to high accuracy at small distances At large distances, QCD is characterized by: Confinement Chiral symmetry breaking Challenge: Quantitative understanding of the relevant degrees of freedom in strongly interacting systems Experimental approach: Charm physics: Transition between the chiral and heavy quark limits Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmonium Physics Charmonium is the Positronium System of QCD Energies Splitting Widths Quark-Antiquark-Interaction Exclusive Decays Mixing of pertubative and non-pertubative Effects Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmonium Physics Open questions … hc‘ (21S0) not established h1c (1P1) unconfirmed Peculiar decays of y(4040) Terra incognita for any 2P and D-States … Exclusive Channels Helicity violation G-Parity violation Higher Fock state contributions Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmonium Physics e+e- interactions: Only 1-- states are formed Other states only by secondary decays (moderate mass resolution) ppbar reactions: All states directly formed (very good mass resolution) Existing experiments: no B-field, beamtime beam momentum reproducibility 3510 CBall ev./2 MeV 100 ECM E 835 ev./pb 1000 CBall E835 cc1 3500 3520 MeV Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Resonance Scan ECM Resonance Cross Section Measured Rate Beam Profile small and well controlled beam momentum spread Dp/p is extremely important Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmonium Physics Expect 1-2 fb-1 (like CLEO-C) ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c) ® J/y 107/d ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c) ® cc2 (® J/y g) 105/d ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c) ® hc‘(® ff) 104/d|rec.? Comparison to E835 Max. Energy 15 GeV/c instead of 9 GeV/c Luminosity 10x higher Detector with magnetic field Dp/p 10x better Dedicated machine with stable conditions Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Hadrons are very complicated Standard model meson ® only one leading term Other color neutral configurations may mix Decoupling is possible only if states are narrow leading term vanishes Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmed Hybrids Gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states LQCD: mH ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV Light charmed hybrids could be as narrow as ® O(5-50 MeV) selection rules (from Fluxtube) # charmed final states (OZI-Rule) P S important <r2> and rBreakup Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Fluxtube Meson Hybrid Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmed Hybrids Fluxtube-Modell predicts DD** decays if mH<4,29 GeV ® GH<50 MeV Some exotics can decay neither to DD nor to DD* e.g.: JPC(H)=0+- fluxtube allowed J/yf2, J/y(pp)S,h1ch fluxtube forbidden cc0w,cc0f, cc2w,cc2f, hch1 Small number of final states with small phasespace CLEO Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmed Hybrids Gluon rich process creates gluonic excitation in a direct way ccbar requires the quarks to annihilate (no rearrangement) yield comparable to charmonium production 2 complementary techniques Production (Fixed-Momentum) Formation (Broad- and Fine-Scans) Momentum range for a survey p ® ~15 GeV Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Accessible Hadrons Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Exotics in Proton-Antiproton Reactions High production yields for exotic mesons (or with a large fraction of it) f0(1500)p ® ~25 % in 3p0 f0(1500)p ® ~25 % in 2hp0 p1(1400)p ® >10 % in p±p0h Interference with other (conventional) states is mandatory for the phase analysis Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Heavy Glueballs Light gg/ggg-systems are complicated to identify Exotic heavy glueballs m(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeV m(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV Width unknown, but! nature invests more likely in mass than in momentum Flavour-blindness predicts decays into charmed final states Same run period as hybrids In addition: scan m>2 GeV/c2 Morningstar und Peardon, PRD60 (1999) 034509 Morningstar und Peardon, PRD56 (1997) 4043 Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons 4-Quark Formation Proton-Antiproton contains already a 4-Quark-System Idea: Dilepton-Tag from Drell-Yan-Production Advantages Trigger less JPC-Ambiguities 1200 E./day @ 12 GeV 300 E./day @ 5-8 GeV antiproton-Beam (for L=1032cm-2s-1) Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Charmed Hadrons in Nuclear Matter Partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matter Light quarks are sensitive to quark condensate Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been deduced previously: deeply bound pionic atoms (anti)kaon yield and phase space distribution Ds are the QCD analog of the H-atom. chiral symmetry to be studied on a single light quark vacuum nuclear medium p K 25 MeV 100 MeV K+ K- p- p+ Hayaski, PLB 487 (2000) 96 Morath, Lee, Weise, priv. Comm. D- 50 MeV D D+ Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Open Charm in the Nuclei The expected signal: strong enhancement of the D-meson cross section, relative D+ D- yields, in the near/sub-threshold region. This probes ground state nuclear matter density and T~0 Complementary to heavy ion collisions in-medium free masses bare D+D- 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 s(nb) 4 5 6 7 D- D+ T (GeV) Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Charmonium in the Nuclei Lowering of the D+D- mass allow charmonium states to decay into this channel, thus resulting in a dramatic increase of width y(3770) (20®40 MeV) cc2 (0,32®2,7 MeV) DiLepton-Channels Idea Study relative changes of yield and width of the charmonium states. Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

J/y Absorption in Nuclei Important for the understanding of heavy ion collisions Related to QGP Reaction p + A  J/Y + (A-1) Fermi-smeared ccbar-Produktion J/y, y‘ or interference region selected by pbar-Momentum Longitudinal und transverse Fermi-distribution is measurable Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Hypernuclei 3rd dimension (strangeness) of the nuclear chart New Era: high resolution g-spectroscopy Double-hypernuclei: very little data Baryon-baryon interactions: L-N only short ranged (no 1p exchange due to isospin) L-L impossible in scattering reactions 3 GeV/c Trigger K+K X- secondary target X-(dss) p(uud)  L(uds) L(uds) Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Proton-Formfactors at large Q2 High Q2 ® pert. QCD FF (dim. Scaling) should vary with Q2 time-like remains factor 2 larger than space-like Both in pQCD asymptotically equal HESR s ® 25 GeV2/c4 q2>0 q2<0 Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Inverted DVCS Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) Skewed Parton Distributions using the Handbag-Diagram Dynamics of quarks and gluons in hadrons Measurements of the inverted process less stringent requirements on the detector resolution however the connection of DVCS to the SPDs needs to be theoretically analyzed in this kinematic region) Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

CP-Violation in the Charm Sector Small mixing in the charm Sector compared to K0 and B(S)0 Interference of amplitudes may lead to CP-Violation Measure D+/D—-asymmetries Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons SIS100 – 100 Tm 30 GeV/c Protons Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Production-Target Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Capture, Cooling and Storage (CR, NESR) Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons HESR – 50 Tm 15 GeV/c Antiprotons Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

The Antiproton Facility Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

The Antiproton Facility Antiproton production similar to CERN, HESR = High Energy Storage Ring Production rate 107/sec Pbeam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c Nstored = 5 x 1010 p High luminosity mode Luminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1 Dp/p ~ 10-4 (stochastic cooling) High resolution mode Dp/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling < 8 GeV/c) Luminosity = 1031 cm-2s-1 Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Proposed Detector (Overview) High Rates Total s ~ 55 mb Vertexing (sp,KS,L,…) Charged particle ID (e±,m±,p±,p,…) Magnetic tracking Elm. Calorimetry (g,p0,h) Forward capabilities (leading particles) Sophisticated Trigger(s) Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Micro Vertex Detector 7.2 mio. barrel pixels 50 x 300 μm 2 mio. forward pixels 100 x 150 μm beam pipe pellet/cluster pipe Readout: ASICs (ATLAS/CMS) 0.37% X0 or pixel one side – readout other side (TESLA) Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Straw Tube Tracker (WASA like) Number of double layers Skew angle of dbl layers 1 and 15 Skew angle of dbl layers 2-14 15 0o 2o-3o Straw tube wall thickness Wire thickness Gas Length Diameter of tubes in double layers 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15 Number of straw tubes 26 mm 20 mm 90%He 10%C4H10 150 cm 4 mm 6 mm 8 mm 8734 Transverse resolution sx,y Longitudinal resolution sz 150 mm 1 mm Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons DIRC (Cherenkov) less space than aerogels  costs of calorimeter no problems with field Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Electromagnetic Calorimeter Detector material PbWO4 Photo sensors Avalanche Photo Diodes Crystal size  35 x 35 x 150 mm3 (i.e 1.5 x 1.5 RM2 x 17 X0) Energy resolution 1.54 % / E[GeV] + 0.3 % Time resolution s  130 ps Total number of crystals 7150 Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Mini Drift Chamber 6 layers of sense wires in 3 double layers (y,u,v) not stretched radially (mass) realized at HADES high counting rates position resolution 70μm HADES@GSI Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Forward RICH Multi pad gas Detector Mismatch photons  CsI photon conversion LHCb Aerogel n=1.02 proximity focusing  mirrors Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Forward Dipole 1200 mm x 1600 mm B = 2 Tm Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Why Antiprotons ? high resolution spectroscopy with pbar-beams in formation experiments: DE,DEbeam high yields in ppbar of gluonic excitations glueballs, hybrids event tagging by pairwise associated production, (particle, anti-particle) e.g. ppbarbar large sqrt(s) at low momentum transfer important for in-medium "implantation" of hadrons: study of in-medium effects Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Competition CLEOc, BES, JLab (HALL-D), JHF Topic HESR Competitor Confinement Charmonium all ccbar states with high resolution CLEO-C only 1–– states Gluonic Excitations charmed hybrids heavy glueballs CLEO-C light glueballs Hall-D light hybrids? Nuclear Interactions D-mass shift J/y absorption (T~0) Hypernuclei L- and LL-hypernuclei Open Charm Physics Rare D-Decays, CP-physics in D and Baryons CLEO-C rare D-Decays CP-physics in D n,K-beams JHF rare K-Decays neutrino physics Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Interested Institutes (with Representative in the Coordination Board) Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Poland – Russia – Sweden – U.K. – U.S.A. Bochum University Brescia University and INFN Catania University Cracow University GSI Darmstadt Dresden University JINR Dubna I JINR Dubna II Erlangen University Ferrara University Frascati Genova, INFN Genova University Glasgow University Giessen University KVI Groningen Jülich IKP I Jülich IKP II Los Alamos Mainz University TU München Münster University Pavia University University of Silesia Torino University I Torino University II Trieste University and INFN Tübingen University TSL Uppsala Uppsala University Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons History/Outlook since 1997 Discussion about GSI future International workshops and reviews Accelearator R&D May 1999 Lettor of Intend (40 authors) Studies for detector concept Jan. 2001 Detector simulation with GEANT4 Nov. 2001 Conceptual design report „An International Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprotons“ Nov. 2001 Review by an international review committee of the „Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat“ April 2002 International Workshop at GSI July 2002 Votum by the „Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat“ Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Realization/Cost Civil Construction ~ 225 M€ Accelerator Components ~ 265 M€ Instrumentation and Major Detectors ~ 185 M€ (HESR Detector ~ 31 M€) ~ 675 M€ Year 200X + 6 years commissioning Year 200X + 8 years regular data taking Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Summary & Outlook Investigation of charmed hadrons and their interaction with matter is a mandatory task for the next decade The antiproton facility HESR @ GSI addresses many important questions A high performance storage ring and detector are envisaged to utilize a luminosity of L=2 x 1032 cm-2s-1 Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002

Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons More Information http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/project/eng/i/pdf_e.gif http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/cdr/ http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/project/eng/index.php Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons June, 21, 2002