2. Introduction: Why is QCD so much fun? The Physics: Glue and Charm:
Probing Non-Perturbative QCD with Antiprotons: The PANDA Experiment at FAIR
Introduction: Why is QCD so much fun?
The Physics: Glue and Charm:
The Facility: FAIR
Accelerator and Antiproton Cooler Ring
Detector PANDA
Summary and Outlook

3. Physics with Panda Glueballs (ggg) Hybrids (ccg)
J/ spectroscopy confinement
Proton Formfactor in the Timelike region
Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium
CP-violation (D/ - sector)
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

4. QCD: In Principle Simple 
Coupling of Quarks to the Gluon fields
Contains Self – coupling of Gluons
Small coupling: perturbative QCD
Large coupling:
Lattice QCD
Field theories with effective degrees of freedom

5. Running Coupling Constant
transition from perturbative to non-perturbative regime
Q2 [GeV2] 10 1
0.1
0.05
perturbative QCD
constituent quark
confinement
mesons and baryons
0.3 Rn
r [fm]
perturbative
strong
QCD
Of particular interest:
Transition from the quark-gluon to the hadronic degrees of freedom

6. Physics with Panda Glueballs (ggg) Hybrids (ccg)
J/ spectroscopy confinement
Proton Formfactor in the Timelike region
Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium
CP-violation (D/ - sector)
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

7. Bound States of QCD

8. ~ Simplified Lattice Approach
Flux Tubes and Hybrids
~ Simplified Lattice Approach
Meson
Excitation of Flux Tube
Additional angular momentum
New (exotic) quantum numbers
Bali, 1991
Hybrid

9. Charmonium Hybrids
Predicted by bag models, flux tube models, constituent gluon models and LQCD.
Three of the lowest lying cc hybrids have exotic JPC (0+-,1-+,2+-)
 no mixing with nearby cc states
Mass 4.2 – 4.5 GeV/c2.
Charmonium hybrids expected to be much narrower than light hybrids (open charm decays suppressed).
Cross sections for formation and production of charmonium hybrids similar to normal cc states
(~ 100 – 150 pb).
Excited gluon flux P
CLEO S
One-gluon exchange

10. Charmonium Hybrids Annihilation is a gluon rich process
creates gluonic excitation in a direct way
2 complementary techniques
Production (Fixed-Momentum)
Formation (Broad- and Fine-Scans)
Momentum range for a survey
p ® ~15 GeV

11. Bound States of QCD

12. Heavy Glueballs unique identification difficult (mixing!)
2+-
0+-
For light gg/ggg-systems:
unique identification difficult (mixing!)
Exotic heavy glueballs
m(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeV
m(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV
Flavor-blindness
decay into charmed final
states possible
Morningstar,Peardon, PRD60(1999)34509
Morningstar,Peardon, PRD56(1997)4043

13. Physics with Panda Glueballs (ggg) Hybrids (ccg)
Charmonium spectroscopy Confinement
Proton Formfactor in the Timelike region
Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium
CP-violation (D/ - sector)
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

14. Charmonium: Positronium of QCD
Mass [MeV]
Binding energy [meV]
4100 y
¢¢¢
(4040)
Ionization energy 3 P
(~ 3940) 2
3900 D 3 S 3 S 3 3 D 3 P
(~ 3880) 3
(~ 3800) 1 3 3 D 3 1 1 2 1
-1000 2 3 3 D 1 3 P
(~ 3800) 1 D y ¢¢
(3770) 2 P 2 3 P 3 D D 2 3 D 2 1 S 2 3 S 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 P 1 2 1
~ 600 meV
3700 y
(3686)
Threshold 2 3 P
10-4 eV
-3000 h c
(3590) c h
(3525) 2
(3556) c c
3500 1
(3510) c
(3415)
-5000
3300
Charmonium ähnlicher Stellenwert wie Positronium bzw. Wasserstoffatom
einfach (nicht-relativistisch)
am besten verstanden 1 3 S 1 1 S 1
8·10-4 eV
-7000 y
(3097)
3100 e +
0.1 nm e - h
1 fm C c
(2980) C
2900

15. Charmonium Physics Peculiar ψ(4040)
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.4
4.1
4.8
5.5
6.3
7.1
8.0
Open questions …
ψ(33S1)
χc2(23P2)
D*D*
ψ(13D3)
pp [GeV/c]
Mcc [GeV/c2]
ηc(31S0)
Peculiar ψ(4040)
χc1(23P1)
DD*
h1c(21P1)
ψ(13D2)
χc0(23P0)
ψ(11D2)
ψ(13D1) DD
Terra incognita for 2P and 1D-States
ψ(23S1)
ηc(21S0)
χc2(13P2)
h1c(11P1)
χc1(13P1)
ηc’ - ψ(2S) splitting
χc0(13P0)
h1c – unconfirmed
J/ψ(13S1)
ηc – inconsistencies
ηc(11S0)
JP=0- 1- 1+
(0,1,2)+ 2-
(1,2,3)-

16. Resonance cross section
Advantage of Antiprotons
e+e- annihilation via
virtual photon: only
states with JPC = 1--
in ppbar annihilation states with other quantum numbers can be formed
Measured rate
Beam
Resonance cross section
CM Energy
Mass resolution is only limited by the beam momentum resolution

17. Recent discoveries: hc‘ (21S0) , X(3872)
Discovery of the c(21S0) by
Belle (+BaBar, CLEO).
Discovery of a new narrow
state above DD threshold
X(3872) at Belle (+ CDF,
D0, BaBar).
M(c) =  4.4 MeV/c2 _
What is the X(3872) ?
Charmonium
13D2 or 13D3.
D0D0* molecule.
Charmonium hybrid
(ccg). _
M =  0.6  0.5 MeV/c2
 2.3 MeV (90 % C.L.)

18. Physics with Panda Glueballs (ggg) Hybrids (ccg)
J/ spectroscopy confinement
Proton Formfactor in the Timelike region
Charmed hadrons in the nuclear medium
CP-violation (D/ - sector)
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

19. Hadrons in Nuclear Matter
Currently at GSI :
many experiments devoted to the study of hadrons in nuclei and hadronic matter :
in-medium modifications of hadron properties
KAOS, deeply bound pionic atoms, HADES
hadrons with light quarks (u,d,s)

20. How about Charm ? Mass splitting for D mesons expected ! Probes
Measure excitation functions for D production on Nuclei with antiproton beam
Modification of the width of Charmonium states near the D threshold

21. D – Mesons in Nuclear Matter
Excitation functions Width of Charmonium States

22.    Charmonium in Nuclear Matter: Observables hc J/y cc 0,1,2p _
~ 1 fm   
final state =
e+e- / m+m- / gg / J/y g
t ~ 10…20 fm/c
t  10 fm/c (collisional broadening) hc
J/y
cc 0,1,2
y(3686)
y(3770)
Expected Mass shift
-5 MeV to
-8 MeV
-7 MeV to
-10 MeV
40 MeV to
-60 MeV
-100 MeV to
-130 MeV
-120 MeV to
-140 MeV
Channel
g g
e+e-/m+m-
J/y g
Predicted rates at L = 1032 cm-2s-1: few 10 … few 100 events/day
S.H. Lee, nucl-th/

23. J/y Absorption in Nuclei
p + A  J/y + (A-1) ; detect J/y  m+m- (e+e-)
 J/y absorption cross section in nuclear matter
 Benchmark for the use of J/y suppression as signal for QGP _ e- e+
J/y p

24. Physics Summary: QCD Systems to be Studied with PANDA

25. The FAIR Facility (was: GSI)

26. HESR: High Energy Storage Ring
Beam Momentum GeV/c
High Intensity Mode:
Luminosity 2x1032 cm-2s-1 (2x107Hz)
dp/p (st. cooling) ~10-4
High Resolution Mode:
Luminosity 2x1031 cm-2s-1
dp/p (e- cooling) ~10-5

27. The PANDA Detector: Top View
Length: ~2 m upstream, ~10 m downstream

28. Proposed Detector (Overview)
High Rates
Total σ ~ 55 mb
Vertexing
(σp,KS,Λ,…)
Charged particle ID
(e±,μ±,π±,p,…)
Magnetic tracking
Elm. Calorimetry
(γ,π0,η)
Forward capabilities
(leading particles)
Sophisticated Trigger(s)

29. Participating Institutes (with Representative in the Coordination Board)
45 Institutes from 12 Countries:
U Basel
IHEP Beijing
U Bochum
U Bonn
U & INFN Brescia
U & INFN Catania
U Cracow
GSI Darmstadt
TU Dresden
JINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE)
U Edinburgh
U Erlangen
NWU Evanston
U & INFN Ferrara
U Frankfurt
LNF-INFN Frascati
U & INFN Genova
U Glasgow
U Gießen
KVI Groningen
IKP Jülich I + II
U Katowice
IMP Lanzhou
U Mainz
U & Politecnico & INFN Milano
U Minsk
TU München
U Münster
BINP Novosibirsk
U Pavia
IHEP Protvino
PNPI Gatchina
U of Silesia
U Stockholm
KTH Stockholm
U & INFN Torino
Politechnico di Torino
U Oriente, Torino
U & INFN Trieste
U Tübingen
U & TSL Uppsala
IMEP Vienna
SINS Warsaw
U Warsaw

30. Summary and Outlook
The FAIR Project will include a dedicated antiproton facility
World-class research covering the many facets of non-perturbative QCD
Additional benefits
Continuation of the ongoing GSI program investigating hadrons in dense matter
Measurement of hadronic interaction cross section CRUCIAL for the interpretation of QGP signals
(J/y suppression)
The future beyond the future:
Direct CP violation in the Charm sector
Gravitation experiments with ultra-cold anti hydrogen
CERN AD program with 100 times increased intensity and unprecedented beam quality!