1. 1May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons

2. Physics at the High Energy Antiproton Storage Ring @ GSI Klaus Peters Ruhr-University Bochum Meson 2002 Crakow, May 27, 2002

3. 3May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Overview The GSI Future Project The Antiproton Facility (HESR) The Physics Program Charmonium spectroscopy Charmonium spectroscopy Charmed hybrids and glueballs Charmed hybrids and glueballs Interaction of charmed particles with nuclei Interaction of charmed particles with nuclei Strange baryons in nuclear fields Strange baryons in nuclear fields Further options Further options Detector Concept(s) Conclusions

4. 4May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons GSI Future Project

5. 5May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Nuclear Structure Physics Nuclear Matter Physics Plasma Physics Atomic Physics Physics with Antiprotons The GSI Future Project Nuclear Structure Physics Nuclear Matter Physics Plasma Physics Atomic Physics Physics with Antiprotons Confinement Confinement Origin of Mass Origin of Mass Effective Degrees of freedom Effective Degrees of freedom Toolkit: Charm-Physics Toolkit: Charm-Physics Research with Rare Isotope beams Nuclei far from Stability Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Compressed Baryonic Matter Ion and Laser Induced Plasmas High Energy Density in Matter From Fundamentals to Applications QED, Strong Fields, Ion-Matter Interactions Research with Antiprotons Hadron Spectroscopy and Hadronic Matter

6. 6May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Fundamental Aspects of QCD QCD is confirmed to high accuracy at small distances At large distances, QCD is characterized by: Confinement Confinement Chiral symmetry breaking Chiral symmetry breakingChallenge: Quantitative understanding of the relevant degrees of freedom in strongly interacting systems Quantitative understanding of the relevant degrees of freedom in strongly interacting systems Experimental approach: Charm physics: Transition between the chiral and heavy quark limits Charm physics: Transition between the chiral and heavy quark limits

7. 7May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmonium Physics Charmonium is the Positronium System of QCD Energies Energies Splitting Splitting Widths WidthsQuark-Antiquark-Interaction Exclusive Decays Exclusive Decays Mixing of pertubative and non-pertubative Effects

8. 8May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmonium Physics Open questions …  c ‘ (2 1 S 0 ) not established  c ‘ (2 1 S 0 ) not established h 1c ( 1 P 1 ) unconfirmed h 1c ( 1 P 1 ) unconfirmed Peculiar decays of (4040) Peculiar decays of (4040) Terra incognita for any 2P and D-States Terra incognita for any 2P and D-States … Exclusive Channels Helicity violation Helicity violation G-Parity violation G-Parity violation Higher Fock state contributions Higher Fock state contributions

9. 9May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons 35003520 MeV Charmonium Physics e + e - interactions: Only 1 -- states are formed Only 1 -- states are formed Other states only by secondary decays (moderate mass resolution) Other states only by secondary decays (moderate mass resolution) ppbar reactions: All states directly formed (very good mass resolution) All states directly formed (very good mass resolution) Existing experiments: no B-field, beamtime no B-field, beamtime beam momentum reproducibility beam momentum reproducibility 3510 CBall ev./2 MeV 100 E CM E 835 ev./pb 1000 CBall E835  c1

10. 10May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons E CM Resonance Scan Measured Rate Beam Profile Resonance Cross Section small and well controlled beam momentum spread p/p is extremely important

11. 11May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmonium Physics Expect 1-2 fb -1 (like CLEO-C) ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c) J/10 7 /d ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c) J/10 7 /d ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c)  c2 (J/10 5 /d ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c)  c2 (J/10 5 /d ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c)  c ‘(10 4 /d| rec. ? ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c)  c ‘(10 4 /d| rec. ? Comparison to E835 Max. Energy 15 GeV/c instead of 9 GeV/c Max. Energy 15 GeV/c instead of 9 GeV/c Luminosity 10x higher Luminosity 10x higher Detector with magnetic field Detector with magnetic field p/p 10x better p/p 10x better Dedicated machine with stable conditions Dedicated machine with stable conditions

12. 12May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Hadrons are very complicated Standard model meson only one leading term Other color neutral configurations may mix Decoupling is possible only if states are narrow states are narrow leading term vanishes leading term vanishes

13. 13May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmed Hybrids Gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states LQCD: m H ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV m H ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV Light charmed hybrids could be as narrow as  O(5-50 MeV) selection rules (from Fluxtube) selection rules (from Fluxtube) # charmed final states (OZI-Rule) # charmed final states (OZI-Rule)  

14. 14May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmed Hybrids Fluxtube-Modell predicts DD** decays ifm H <4,29 GeV ifm H <4,29 GeV   H <50 MeV   H <50 MeV Some exotics can decay neither to DD nor to DD* e.g.: J PC (H)=0 +- e.g.: J PC (H)=0 +- fluxtube allowed J/f 2, J/() S,h 1c fluxtube allowed J/f 2, J/() S,h 1c  fluxtube forbidden  c0 , c0 ,  c2 , c2 ,  c h 1fluxtube forbidden  c0 , c0 ,  c2 , c2 ,  c h 1 Small number of final states with small phasespace Small number of final states with small phasespace CLEO

15. 15May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmed Hybrids Gluon rich process creates gluonic excitation in a direct way ccbar requires the quarks to annihilate (no rearrangement) ccbar requires the quarks to annihilate (no rearrangement) yield comparable to charmonium production yield comparable to charmonium production 2 complementary techniques Production (Fixed-Momentum) Production (Fixed-Momentum) Formation (Broad- and Fine-Scans ) Formation (Broad- and Fine-Scans ) Momentum range for a survey p ~15 GeV p ~15 GeV

16. 16May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Exotics in Proton-Antiproton Reactions High production yields for exotic mesons (or with a large fraction of it) f 0 (1500)  ~25 % in 3  f 0 (1500)  ~25 % in 3  f 0 (1500)  ~25 % in 2  f 0 (1500)  ~25 % in 2   1 (1400)  >10 % in       1 (1400)  >10 % in      Interference with other (conventional) states is mandatory for the phase analysis

17. 17May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Heavy Glueballs Light gg/ggg-systems are complicated to identify Exotic heavy glueballs m(0 +- ) = 4140 (50)(200) MeV m(0 +- ) = 4140 (50)(200) MeV m(2 +- ) = 4740 (70)(230) MeV m(2 +- ) = 4740 (70)(230) MeV Width unknown, but! nature invests more likely in mass than in momentum nature invests more likely in mass than in momentumFlavour-blindness predicts decays into charmed final states predicts decays into charmed final states Same run period as hybrids In addition: scan m>2 GeV/c 2 In addition: scan m>2 GeV/c 2 Morningstar und Peardon, PRD60 (1999) 034509 Morningstar und Peardon, PRD56 (1997) 4043

18. 18May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons 4-Quark Formation Proton-Antiproton contains already a 4-Quark-System Idea: Dilepton-Tag from Drell-Yan-Production Advantages Trigger Trigger less J PC -Ambiguities less J PC -Ambiguities 1200 E./day @ 12 GeV 1200 E./day @ 12 GeV 300 E./day @ 5-8 GeV antiproton-Beam (for L=10 32 cm -2 s -1 ) 300 E./day @ 5-8 GeV antiproton-Beam (for L=10 32 cm -2 s -1 )

19. 19May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmed Hadrons in Nuclear Matter Partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matter Light quarks are sensitive to quark condensate Light quarks are sensitive to quark condensate Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been deduced previously: deeply bound pionic atoms deeply bound pionic atoms (anti)kaon yield and phase space distribution (anti)kaon yield and phase space distribution Ds are the QCD analog of the H-atom. chiral symmetry to be studied on a single light quark chiral symmetry to be studied on a single light quark Hayaski, PLB 487 (2000) 96 Morath, Lee, Weise, priv. Comm. DD 50 MeV D D+D+ vacuum nuclear medium  K 25 MeV 100 MeV K+K+ KK  

20. 20May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons bare D + D - 10 -2 10 -1 1 10 10 2 10 3  (nb) 4567 Open Charm in the Nuclei The expected signal: strong enhancement of the D-meson cross section, strong enhancement of the D-meson cross section, relative D + D - yields, in the near/sub-threshold region. relative D + D - yields, in the near/sub-threshold region. This probes ground state nuclear matter density and T~0 Complementary to heavy ion collisions D+D+ in-medium free masses T (GeV) D-D-

21. 21May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Charmonium in the Nuclei Lowering of the D + D - mass allow charmonium states to decay into this channel, allow charmonium states to decay into this channel, thus resulting in a dramatic increase of width thus resulting in a dramatic increase of width (3770) (2040 MeV) (3770) (2040 MeV)  c2 (0,322,7 MeV)  c2 (0,322,7 MeV) DiLepton-Channels DiLepton-ChannelsIdea Study relative changes of yield and width of the charmonium states. Study relative changes of yield and width of the charmonium states.

22. 22May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons J/ Absorption in Nuclei Important for the understanding of heavy ion collisions Related to QGP Related to QGPReaction p + A  J/ + (A-1) p + A  J/ + (A-1) Fermi-smeared ccbar-Produktion J/, ‘ or interference region selected by pbar-Momentum J/, ‘ or interference region selected by pbar-Momentum Longitudinal und transverse Fermi-distribution is measurable Longitudinal und transverse Fermi-distribution is measurable

23. 23May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Hypernuclei 3rd dimension (strangeness) of the nuclear chart New Era: high resolution -spectroscopy high resolution -spectroscopyDouble-hypernuclei: very little data very little data Baryon-baryon interactions: -N only short ranged (no 1 exchange due to isospin) -N only short ranged (no 1 exchange due to isospin) - impossible in scattering reactions - impossible in scattering reactions -- secondary target  - (dss) p(uud)   (uds)  (uds) 3 GeV/c Trigger K+K

24. 24May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Proton-Formfactors at large Q 2 High Q 2  pert. QCD FF (dim. Scaling) should vary with Q 2 time-like remains factor 2 larger than space-like Both in pQCD asymptotically equal HESR s  25 GeV 2 /c 4 q 2 >0 q 2 <0

25. 25May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Inverted DVCS Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) Skewed Parton Distributions using the Handbag-Diagram Skewed Parton Distributions using the Handbag-Diagram Dynamics of quarks and gluons in hadrons Dynamics of quarks and gluons in hadrons Measurements of the inverted process less stringent requirements on the detector resolution less stringent requirements on the detector resolution however the connection of DVCS to the SPDs needs to be theoretically analyzed in this kinematic region) however the connection of DVCS to the SPDs needs to be theoretically analyzed in this kinematic region)

26. 26May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons CP-Violation in the Charm Sector Small mixing in the charm Sector compared to K 0 and B (S) 0 Interference of amplitudes may lead to CP-Violation Measure D + /D — -asymmetries

27. 27May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons SIS100 – 100 Tm 30 GeV/c Protons

28. 28May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Production-Target

29. 29May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Capture, Cooling and Storage (CR, NESR)

30. 30May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons HESR – 50 Tm 15 GeV/c Antiprotons

31. 31May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons The Antiproton Facility Antiproton production similar to CERN, HESR = High Energy Storage Ring Production rate 10 7 /sec Production rate 10 7 /sec P beam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c P beam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c N stored = 5 x 10 10 p N stored = 5 x 10 10 p High luminosity mode Luminosity = 2 x 10 32 cm -2 s -1 Luminosity = 2 x 10 32 cm -2 s -1 p/p ~ 10 -4 (stochastic cooling) p/p ~ 10 -4 (stochastic cooling) High resolution mode p/p ~ 10 -5 (electron cooling < 8 GeV/c) p/p ~ 10 -5 (electron cooling < 8 GeV/c) Luminosity = 10 31 cm -2 s -1 Luminosity = 10 31 cm -2 s -1

32. 32May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Proposed Detector High Rates Total  ~ 55 mb Total  ~ 55 mbVertexing ( p,K S,,…) ( p,K S,,…) Charged particle ID (e ±, ±, ±,p,…) (e ±, ±, ±,p,…) Magnetic tracking Elm. Calorimetry (, 0,) (, 0,) Forward capabilities (leading particles) (leading particles) Sophisticated Trigger(s)

33. 33May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Interested Institutes (with Representative in the Coordination Board) Bochum University Brescia University and INFN Catania University Cracow University GSI Darmstadt Dresden University JINR Dubna I JINR Dubna II Erlangen University Ferrara University Frascati Genova, INFN Genova University Glasgow University Giessen University KVI Groningen Jülich IKP I Jülich IKP II Los Alamos Mainz University TU München Münster University Pavia University University of Silesia Torino University I Torino University II Trieste University and INFN Tübingen University TSL Uppsala Uppsala University Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Poland – Russia – Sweden – U.K. – U.S.A.

34. 34May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons Summary & Outlook Investigation of charmed hadrons and their interaction with matter is a mandatory task for the next decade The antiproton facility HESR @ GSI addresses many important questions A high performance storage ring and detector are envisaged to utilize a luminosity of L=2 x 10 32 cm -2 s -1

35. 35May 27, 2002Klaus Peters - GSI Future - Physics with Antiprotons More Information http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/project/eng/index.php http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/cdr/ http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/project/eng/i/pdf_e.gif