Vacuoles and cytoplasm A vacuole is a membrane bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some animals and bacterial cells. The vacuole enlarges on entry of water from the cytosol

Vacuoles The vacuole is the biggest parts of the cell. The vacuoles are found in the cells of plants,protist and some primitive animals. Vacuole is the cavity of a cell,surrounded by single membrane and contains fluid,food and or metabolic wastes.

Structure of vacuole Vacuoles are irregular in shape. Vacuoles are bubble like sacs bounded by a single unit membrane called tonoplast. The tonoplast like the plasma membrane, is differentially permeable. They are filled with a fluid called cell sap. This includes minerals, sugars, amino acids.

Types of vacuoles Sap vacuole: They contains cell sap. They are the most common type of vacuoles. Contractile vacuole: These are special type of vacuoles that appear and disappear at intervals to get rid of excess water. Gas vacuole: They contain metabolic gases. Food vacuole: They contain food particles taken up from the environment. Extrusomes : They contain specialised secretary structure for food capture.

Functions of vacuoles The vacuole stores materials like water,food,nutrients and waste products. Destroys bacterial intruders,stores helpul bacteria. Vacuoles stores ions and compounds that cannot be satisfactorialy stopped in the cytoplasm. Protozones and animal cells vacuoles have osmoregulatory,digestive and defensive role. Balances the pH value of the cell.

Cytosols The cytosol with the cell membrane in the eukryotic cells,the part of the cytoplasm.It also comprises with the mitochondria,plastids and other organelles. The cell nucleous is separate.

Components of Cytosols T he primary component of cytosol is water.water makes up 70% of a cell to dissolve other components. Protiens and other macromolecules will dissolve in cytosols. Enzymes,which are biological catalyst are often found in the cytosol in order to speed up chemical reaction in the cell. It also contains ions and inclusion bodies.

Functions of cytosols As we know that cytosols has enzymes that takes molecules and break them down,so that indvidual organelles can use them as they need to. The enzymes also speed up chemical reactions within the cells Cytosols also contain cytoskeleton which gives the cells its shapes and can help in the movement of cell. Protiens with the cytosols plays an important role in signal transduction path ways and glycolysis and enables protien synthesis.

Submitted to Prof. Shiffali mam Submitted by Komal(838/15)