1. Chapter : Chapter 2 and 3 8/27 Reading: Carbon-based Molecules 1 8/30
Date
Description of Assignment/notes/ outline/worksheet
Page #
Homework Stamp
8/27
Reading: Carbon-based Molecules 1
8/30
Ws 2.3 Reviewing Main Ideas 2 *
8/31
Notes Power Notes 2-5 3
Study Guide 2.5 4
9/2
Macromolecule Reading 5
Crossword Puzzle with reading 6
9/1
Lab Enzymes 7
(graded)
9/3
Quiz chapter 2 8
Ch 3.1 Notes Cell Theory 9
Extra stamp
9/7
Study Guide 3.1 and 3.2 10
9/8
Power notes 3-2 11

2. Section 3-2 “Cell Organelles”

3. Today’s Objectives – When we finish the notes fill in your answers
Describe the internal structure of eukaryotic cells.
Skip 1 line (to answer this later)
Summarize the functions of organelles in plant and animal cells.
Skip 4 lines (to answer this later)

4. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities like organelles (mini-organs)

5. Main Idea: Cells have an internal structure.
Eukaryotic cells are highly organized structures.
Each has a cytoskeleton.

6. Main Idea:

7. Small proteins are subunits that crisscross the entire cell.
Description: Cytoskeleton is a network of PROTEINS that changes to meet the needs of a cell
Small proteins are subunits that crisscross the entire cell.
Microtubules -
Intermediate Filaments-
Microfilaments –
Gives the cell it shape and acts as “tracks” for the movement of the organelles
Gives strength to the cell
Smallest tiny threads enable cell to move and divide

8. Cytoskeleton: A network of protein structures that crisscross the entire cell.
Main functions:
Maintain the shape of the cell
Structure support and strength to the cell
Movement of cell
Organization and transport of organelles
Cell division

9. 3 primary types of cytoskeleton protein fibers
Microtubules: cylindrical tubes
Give cell its shape
Act as “tracks” that organelles move on
Form spindle fibers for separating chromosomes (DNA) during cell division (cytokinesis)
2. Intermediate Filaments:
Give cell its strength
3. Microfilaments: fine, thread-like fibers
Enable cells to move and divide

10. Function of cytoskeleton:
1. supports and shapes cell
2. provides strength
3. assists in cell division

11. CYTOPLASM
Description: jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks (proteins, nucleic acid and mineral ions).

12. Function: It fills the space between the nucleus and cell membrane.
CYTOPLASM
Function: It fills the space between the nucleus and cell membrane.
Made of a fluid portion called cytosol and water.

13. Main Idea: Several organelles are involved in making proteins
Nucleus:
Description: is the stores genetic material (DNA)
DNA contains the genes that are the instructions for making proteins

14. Several organelles are involved in making proteins.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- rough ER
- smooth ER
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicles

15. Nucleus
Stores and protects the DNA
Make the DNA available for use at proper time
Contains the nucleolus

16. The nucleus is enclosed in a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope has pores that act as doors between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

17. Nucleolus is a dense region inside nucleus
 Nucleolus is a dense region inside nucleus. This is an area where ribosomes form, (ribosomes: combination of proteins and RNA molecules) These are essential for creating proteins.

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Network of interconnected, folded membranes that form a maze of enclosed spaces called cisternae. The ER is connected to the nucleus.
Function:
Protein synthesis
Lipid synthesis
Detoxification

21. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Network of interconnected folded membranes. The composition is similar to that of cell membrane and nuclear membrane. In between the wavy maze-like section is a material called lumen.

22. Endoplasmic Reticulum Function:
1. Production of proteins and lipids Proteins and lipids are created on the surface of the ER and inside the lumen.
2. ER is a transport system for proteins.

23. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum:
Rough ER with ribosomes on it
Smooth ER without ribosomes Makes lipids and performs a variety of other functions

24. Ribosomes: They are made of RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein and are manufactured in the nucleus. Function: link amino acids together to form proteins

25. Golgi apparatus
Consist of closely layered stacks of membranes enclosed spaces
Function:
Processes, sorts and delivers proteins

26. Vesicles and Vacuoles are similar in that both are storage organelles.
Membrane bound sacs that separate some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm
These sacs are short-lived and recycled.

28. Generally, vacuoles are larger than vesicles
Generally, vacuoles are larger than vesicles. Plant cells generally have one large central vacuole that takes up most of the space within the cell and is used for storage of all sorts of molecules.

29. Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials

30. Vacuoles
Function: sac used for the storage of materials- in plant cells usually large

32. Mitochondria
Function: supply energy to the cell by converting molecules from food into usable energy

33. Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, usually several or many per cell.

34. Mitochondria consist of a smooth outer membrane and a convoluted inner membrane separated by an intermembrane space. The convolutions of the inner membrane are called cristae and the space inside the inner membrane is the mitochondrial matrix.

35. Lysosomes
Function: contain enzymes to digest and destroy materials

36. Lysosomes: Organelles that contain digestive hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes: Organelles that contain digestive hydrolytic enzymes. Membrane surrounding the lysosome prevents the digestive enzymes from destroying the cell.
Function: Intracellular digestion
Digest excess or worn out organelles
Digest food particles
Digest viruses or bacteria
Digest dead cells

38. The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things
The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies.

39. Centrosomes and Centrioles
The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm that produces microtubules. In animal cells, it contains two small structures called centrioles.

40. Centrioles
Functions:
1. Help divide DNA
2. Form cilia and flagella

41. Main Idea: Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts
Plant cells have two features not shared by animal cells: cell walls and chloroplasts.

42. Cell walls Function: provide rigid support.

44. Chloroplasts
Function : helps a plant convert solar energy to chemical energy.
(make food for the plant)

46. Time to answer the objectives from 3-2
Describe the internal structure of eukaryotic cells.
Summarize the functions of organelles in plant and animal cells.

47. Time to answer the objectives from 3-2
Describe the internal structure of eukaryotic cells.
Inside eukaryotic cells there is a cell structure formed from…..
the cytoskeleton inside the cell where the organelles rest

48. Time to answer the objectives from 3-2
2. Summarize the functions of organelles in plant and animal cells.
The nucleus, ER, ribosomes, and golgi apparatus work together to…..
to make and transport proteins.
Mitochondria…
supplies energy to the cell.